风电机组双向支撑能力分析与自适应惯量控制策略

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230981

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摘要针对高比例新能源电力系统暂态频率支撑需求,提出一种考虑双向支撑能力的风电机组自适应惯量控制策略。首先,基于典型风电并网模型,分析了不同渗透率、控制参数和扰动下系统的频率动态响应特性。其次,结合风电出力与转速关系曲线,给出风电机组对频率上升/下跌事件的双向惯量支撑能力定量分析方法。再次,提出风电机组自适应惯量控制策略,给出各参数的设计方法并基于状态空间方程分析了控制系统的小扰动稳定性。最后,基于RT-LAB搭建了实时仿真算例验证所提方法的可行性和有效性。仿真结果表明,所提控制策略能够保证风电机组根据自身能力和系统需求提供有效的惯量支撑,与已有典型控制策略相比,改善了低风速与高风速场景下的频率响应特性。

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关键词 ：风电机组, 惯量支撑, 频率特性, 自适应控制, 小信号分析

Abstract：Inertial response is one of the fast-transient frequency support control methods. In the latest wind farm grid-connected technical specification in China, wind farms are required to have inertial response capabilities. However, the current research on the design of inertial control parameters still needs investigation. When evaluating the kinetic energy stored in the rotor of the wind turbine, the existing literature mostly takes the difference between the current speed and the lower limit of the speed as the baseline value, which makes the speed of the wind turbine drop to the left side of the MPPT point, jeopardizing the small disturbance stability of the wind turbine. In addition, the current research mostly focuses on solving the inertial support of frequency drop events, while ignoring the problem of insufficient power reduction capacity of wind turbines with low wind speed and high wind speed. To address these issues, this paper proposes an adaptive inertial control strategy for wind turbine considering bidirectional support capability for wind power integrated power system.
Firstly, based on the typical model of power system integrated with wind power generation, the frequency dynamic response characteristics of the system with different wind power penetrations, control parameters and disturbances were analyzed. Secondly, considering the relationship curves of wind power output and rotor speed, the inertial support capability of wind turbines to frequency rise and drop events was analyzed quantitatively. Thirdly, the adaptive inertial control strategy of wind power generation was proposed.An adaptive inertia coefficient with upper and lower limits, left and right symmetry and adjustable sensitivity to the rate of change of frequency was designed. The upper limit was determined by the inertial support capability evaluation using the Newton-Raphson method, the lower limit was set based on the Chinese national standard, and the sensitivity coefficient was designed according to the inertial support requirement of power system. Finally, the small-signal stability of the control system was analyzed according to the eigenvalue loci.
The simulation results show that the proposed adaptive inertial control strategy can reduce the inertia coefficient at low wind speed to ensure that the wind turbine operates within the safe speed range. It can provide strong inertial support with high wind speed and large disturbance, and the frequency drop depth is smaller than the existing typical control strategies. Besides, the proposed adaptive inertia control strategy can ensure that the wind turbine operates within a safe rotor speed range based on the steady-state condition of deloading and can adaptively adjust the inertia coefficient with the increase of the wind power penetration to match the wind power inertial support capability and power system inertial support requirements.
Through this investigation, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) Through quantitatively analyzing the kinetic energy absorption/release capacity of the wind turbine, it is indicated that the kinetic energy absorption/release capacity of the wind turbine at medium wind speed is stronger than that at other wind speed ranges, and the wind turbine cannot absorb kinetic energy at high wind speed. (2) Provided that the power regulation range of the wind turbine for frequency rise/drop events is the same, the inertial supportcapability of the wind turbine for frequency drop is stronger than that for frequency rise events in the middle and high wind speed ranges. (3) Simulation results show that compared with the existing typical strategies, the proposed strategy can improve the frequency characteristics of scenarios with low and high wind speed.

Key words： Wind turbine inertial support frequency characteristics adaptive control small-signal analysis

收稿日期: 2023-06-25

PACS:	TM614
	TM712

基金资助:国家电网公司总部科技项目资助（4000-20236084A-1-1-ZN）

通讯作者: 高丙团男,1981年生,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为机器人与智能电力运维、新能源发电并网控制、分布式供能与需求响应等。E-mail：gaobingtuan@seu.edu.cn

作者简介: 胡正阳男,1994年生,博士研究生,研究方向为新能源发电并网控制等。E-mail：huzhengyang@seu.edu.cn

引用本文:

胡正阳, 高丙团, 张磊, 王文倬, 潘沈恺. 风电机组双向支撑能力分析与自适应惯量控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(19): 5224-5240. Hu Zhengyang, Gao Bingtuan, Zhang Lei, Wang Wenzhuo, Pan Shenkai. Bidirectional Support Capability Analysis and Adaptive Inertial Control Strategy of Wind Turbine. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(19): 5224-5240.

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