电工技术学报  2023, Vol. 38 Issue (15): 4076-4086    DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.220874
电工理论与新技术 |
磁致伸缩振动能量收集器的全耦合非线性等效电路模型
黄文美1,2, 刘泽群1,2, 郭万里1,2, 薛天祥1,2, 翁玲1,2
1.省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室(河北工业大学) 天津 300130;
2.河北省电磁场与电器可靠性重点实验室(河北工业大学) 天津 300130
Fully Coupled Nonlinear Equivalent Circuit Model for Magnetostrictive Vibration Energy Harvester
Huang Wenmei1,2, Liu Zequn1,2, Guo Wanli1,2, Xue Tianxiang1,2, Weng Ling1,2
1. State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China;
2. Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Field and Electrical Apparatus Reliability of Hebei Province Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
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摘要 磁致伸缩材料具有应变大、响应速度快、稳定性好、频带宽的特点,是制作振动能量收集器的理想材料。当前磁致伸缩振动能量收集器建模主要利用线性压磁方程,此模型未能从材料自身耦合和磁路结构进行输出分析,导致输出预测误差较大。该文首先搭建了磁致伸缩材料磁特性测试装置,测试分析了磁致伸缩材料Galfenol合金在不同压应力尤其是大幅值应力下的磁特性;然后基于Gibbs自由能推导了Galfenol材料的全耦合非线性本构方程,进而构建了考虑漏磁、非线性、机磁耦合及饱和效应的振动能量收集器的等效电路模型,并对等效电路模型进行了非线性数学表征和参数识别;最后基于Galfenol材料设计了一个可以承受大幅值振动力的双棒型振动能量收集器样机,通过实验研究了收集器输出电压在不同力幅值、力频率、负载阻值等工况下的变化规律。实验结果与模型的计算结果对比分析表明,所建立的全耦合非线性等效电路模型可以准确预测振动能量收集器的输出电压特性。
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黄文美
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翁玲
关键词 振动能量收集器Galfenol合金全耦合非线性模型等效电路输出特性分析    
Abstract:Magnetostrictive vibration energy harvester (MVEH) uses the Villali effect of magnetostrictive rod or sheet to convert energy from mechanical vibrations to electrical energy. MVEH has obvious advantages in output stability, strain capacity and electromechanical coupling. In areas where power is not readily available, such as wildlife sanctuaries, MVEH can convert the abundant animal kinetic energy into electrical energy to power some sensing devices. However, multiple bidirectional coupling of mechanica-magnetic-electric and nonlinear characteristics occur in the process of energy conversion. In previous studies, the prediction models for the output characteristics of MVEH were mostly based on linear piezomagnetic equations, which do not allow for good prediction of the output voltage characteristics of the harvester due to the neglect of nonlinearities of materials.
In order to solve the problem of large errors in the prediction of the output voltage characteristics of the linear model. This paper constructs a mechanical-magnetic-electric three-port fully coupled nonlinear equivalent circuit model based on the Gibbs free energy. The model takes into account the effects of different compressive stresses, bias magnetic fields and leakage magnetism, et al. The core material chosen for the MVEH studied in this work is Fe81.6Ga18.4, which has excellent electromagnetic, mechanical and magnetostrictive properties. A magnetostrictive materials test platform has been built to analyse the main magnetic properties of Galfenol. Firstly, the M-H curves of the rod are tested in the compressive stress range of 0~70 MPa to obtain the trend of the magnetisation intensity of the Galfenol rod at different compressive stresses and bias magnetic fields. Secondly, based on the Gibbs free energy within the material and using a modified hyperbolic function to characterise the M-H curve clusters. A final machine-magnetic coupling model of the magnetostrictive Galfenol rod is constructed. To further simplify the analysis of the MVEH equivalent output model, the mechanical, magnetic and electrical aspects of the global system of MVEH are interlinked with their equivalent circuits using a specific electromechanical analogy to construct a three-port fully coupled nonlinear equivalent circuit model. In order to verify the accuracy of the predicted results of the equivalent circuit model, an experimental test system consisting of a pneumatic stamping press and an air compressor is built. It can provide MVEH with vibration forces varying in amplitude from 115 N to 1 310 N and in frequency from 0.5 Hz to 2 Hz to simulate the vibrations generated by animal movements in a practical application. In addition, a double-rods MVEH which can withstand large vibration force is designed. After several sets of experiments, the maximum actual output voltage of MVEH can reach 1 483 mV. Two groups of different vibration force input conditions and different external load resistance values are selected as comparison conditions. By comparing the peak-to-peak value of output voltage Upp and output voltage RMS Urms obtained from the actual test with the data predicted by the equivalent circuit model. The results show that when the vibration force amplitude F=350 N, frequency f=1 Hz, and external load R=10 kΩ, the relative errors are ηpp =3.58%, ηrms =2.47%. When the F=755 N, f=1 Hz and the external loads are R=10 kΩ, R=200 Ω, R=50 Ω and R=10 Ω respectively, ηpp are 3.79%, 3.00%, 3.82% and 3.07% respectively. ηrms are 1.10%, 3.71%, 2.49% and 3.52% respectively.
The relative errors η of Upp and Urms predicted by the model and experimentally tested are less than 4%, proving the effectiveness of the equivalent circuit model for predicting output voltage. In addition, the MVEH also ensures structural and output stability while withstanding large amplitude vibration forces. This study can provide some theoretical guidance for the construction of nonlinear fully coupled models of MVEH and the prediction of output voltage characteristics.
Key wordsVibration energy harvesters    Galfenol    fully coupled nonlinear models    equivalent circuit    output characteristic analysis   
收稿日期: 2022-05-19     
PACS: TM274  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金资助项目(51777053, 52077052, 52130710)
通讯作者: 黄文美 女,1969年生,博士,教授,研究方向为磁性材料与器件、电机电器及其控制。E-mail:huzwm@hebut.edu.cn   
作者简介: 刘泽群 男,1998年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为磁性材料与器件、电机电器及其控制。E-mail:1195937663@qq.com
引用本文:   
黄文美, 刘泽群, 郭万里, 薛天祥, 翁玲. 磁致伸缩振动能量收集器的全耦合非线性等效电路模型[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(15): 4076-4086. Huang Wenmei, Liu Zequn, Guo Wanli, Xue Tianxiang, Weng Ling. Fully Coupled Nonlinear Equivalent Circuit Model for Magnetostrictive Vibration Energy Harvester. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(15): 4076-4086.
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https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.220874          https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y2023/V38/I15/4076