1. State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China; 2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetic Technology and Intelligent Health Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
Abstract：As a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, transcranial magnetic stimulation bas been widely used in scientific research and clinical applications due to its good effect in neuromodulation. This paper aims to study the effects of different intensities of immediate magnetic stimulation (MS) on neuronal excitability, voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) . High frequency immediate MS of 0T, 0.3T and 0.5T was applied to acute mouse brain slices. Whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to record the resting membrane potential and evoked nerve discharge of hippocampal dentate gyrus granule neurons, as well as the channel currents of voltage-gated sodium channel, transient outward potassium channel and delayed rectifier potassium channel during activation, inactivation, and recovery processes. The results show that MS can change the dynamic characteristics of VGSCs and Kv channels to active sodium currents and inhibit potassium currents, thereby increasing neuronal excitability. Moreover, this neuroregulatory effect of MS is intensity-dependent.
[1] Barker A T, Jalinous R, Freeston I L.Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex[J]. Lancet, 1985, 325(8437): 1106-1107. [2] 李江涛, 曹辉, 郑敏军, 等. 多通道经颅磁刺激线圈阵列的驱动与控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32(22): 158-165. Li Jiangtao, Cao Hui, Zheng Minjun, et al.The drive and control of multi-channel transcranial magnetic stimulation coil array[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(22): 158-165. [3] Parthoens J, Verhaeghe J, Wyckhuys T, et al.Small-animal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with[18F]-FDG microPET to quantify the neuromodulation effect in the rat brain[J]. Neuro-science, 2014, 275: 436-443. [4] 熊慧, 王玉领, 付浩, 等. 一种应用于经颅磁刺激脉冲宽度可调的节能型激励源[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(4): 679-686. Xiong Hui, Wang Yuling, Fu Hao, et al.An energy efficient excitation source for transcranial magnetic stimulation with controllable pulse width[J]. Transa-ctions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(4): 679-686. [5] Cantarero G, Lloyd A, Celnik P.Reversal of long-term potentiation-like plasticity processes after motor learning disrupts skill retention[J]. The Journal of Neuroscience, 2013, 33(31): 12862-12869. [6] Lenz M, Platschek S, Priesemann V, et al.Repetitive magnetic stimulation induces plasticity of excitatory postsynapses on proximal dendrites of cultured mouse CA1 pyramidal neurons[J]. Brain Structure & Function, 2015, 220(6): 3323-3337. [7] Dagan M, Herman T, Mirelman A, et al.The role of the prefrontal cortex in freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease: insights from a deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation exploratory study[J]. Experi-mental Brain Research, 2017, 235(8): 2463-2472. [8] Fried P J, Jannati A, Davila-Perez P, et al.Repro-ducibility of single-pulse, paired-pulse, and inter-mittent theta-burst TMS measures in healthy aging, type-2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease[J]. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2017, 9: 00263. [9] Simonetta-Moreau M.Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) and motor recovery after stroke[J]. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 2014, 57(8): 530-542. [10] 张帅, 崔琨, 史勋, 等. 经颅磁声电刺激参数对神经元放电模式的影响分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(10): 1-9. Zhang Shuai, Cui Kun, Shi Xun, et al.Effect analysis of transcranial magneto-acousto-electrical stimulation parameters on neural firing patterns[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(10): 1-9. [11] Miniussi C, Rossini P M.Transcranial magnetic stimulation in cognitive rehabilitation[J]. Neuropsycho-logical Rehabilitation, 2011, 21(5): 579-601. [12] Maeda F, Keenan J P, Tormos J M, et al.Modulation of corticospinal excitability by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation[J]. Clinical Neurophysiology, 2000, 111(5): 800-805. [13] Klomjai W, Katz R, Lackmy-Vallee A.Basic principles of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and repetitive TMS (rTMS)[J]. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 2015, 58(4): 208-213. [14] Ahmed M A, Darwish E S, Khedr E M, et al.Effects of low versus high frequencies of repetitive trans-cranial magnetic stimulation on cognitive function and cortical excitability in Alzheimer's dementia[J]. Journal of Neurology, 2012, 259(1): 83-92. [15] Wang J X, Rogers L M, Gross E Z, et al.Targeted enhancement of cortical-hippocampal brain networks and associative memory[J]. Science, 2014, 345(6200): 1054-1057. [16] Fujiki M, Yee K M, Steward O.Non-invasive high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (hfrTMS) robustly activates molecular pathways implicated in neuronal growth and synaptic plasticity in select populations of neurons[J]. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 2020, 14: 558. [17] Levkovitz Y, Segal M.Aging affects transcranial magnetic modulation of hippocampal evoked potentials[J]. Neurobiology of Aging, 2001, 22(2): 255-263. [18] Wang Hualong, Xian Xiaohui, Wang Yanyong, et al.Chronic high-frequency repetitive transcranial mag-netic stimulation improves age-related cognitive impairment in parallel with alterations in neuronal excitability and the voltage-dependent Ca2+ current in female mice[J]. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 2015, 118: 1-7. [19] Fleidervish I A, Libman L, Katz E, et al.Endogenous polyamines regulate cortical neuronal excitability by blocking voltage-gated Na+ channels[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008, 105(48): 18994-18999. [20] Shah N H, Aizenman E.Voltage-gated potassium channels at the crossroads of neuronal function, ischemic tolerance, and neurodegeneration[J]. Trans-lational Stroke Research, 2014, 5(1): 38-58. [21] Zhu Haijun, Xu Guizhi, Fu Lingdi, et al.The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the cognition and neuronal excitability of mice[J]. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 2020, 39(1): 9-19. [22] Thut G, Pascual-Leone A.A review of combined TMS-EEG studies to characterize lasting effects of repetitive TMS and assess their usefulness in cognitive and clinical neuroscience[J]. Brain Topo-graphy, 2010, 22(4): 219-232. [23] Banerjee J, Sorrell M E, Celnik P A, et al.Immediate effects of repetitive magnetic stimulation on single cortical pyramidal neurons[J]. PloS One, 2017, 12(1): e0170528. [24] Kozyrev V, Eysel U T, Jancke D.Voltage-sensitive dye imaging of transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced intracortical dynamics[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014, 111(37): 13553-13558. [25] Ahmed Z, Wieraszko A.Pulsed magnetic stimulation modifies amplitude of action potentials in vitro via ionic channels-dependent mechanism[J]. Bioelectro-magnetics, 2015, 36(5): 386-397. [26] Pashut T, Magidov D, Ben-Porat H, et al.Patch-clamp recordings of rat neurons from acute brain slices of the somatosensory cortex during magnetic stimu-lation[J]. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, 2014, 8: 145. [27] Ekberg J, Craik D J, Adams D J.Conotoxin modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels[J]. The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 2008, 40(11): 2363-2368. [28] Flake N M, Gold M S.Inflammation alters sodium currents and excitability of temporomandibular joint afferents[J]. Neuroscience Letter, 2005, 384(3): 294-299. [29] Jones D K, Ruben P C.Biophysical defects in voltage. gated sodium channels associated with long QT and Brugada syndromes[J]. Channels (Austin, Tex), 2008, 2(2): 70-80. [30] Nelson M T, Quayle J M.Physiological roles and properties of potassium channels in arterial smooth muscle[J]. The American Journal of Physiology, 1995, 268(4 Pt 1): C799-822. [31] Pardo L A.Voltage-gated potassium channels in cell proliferation[J]. Physiology (Bethesda, Md), 2004, 19: 285-292. [32] Parsons R L, Barstow K L, Scornik F S.Spontane-ousminiature hyperpolarizations affect threshold for action potential generation in mudpuppy cardiac neurons[J]. Journal of Neurophysiology, 2002, 88(3): 1119-1127. [33] Sands Z, Grottesi A, Sansom M S.Voltage-gated ion channels[J]. Current Biology, 2005, 15(2): R44-47. [34] Tan Tao, Xie Jiacun, Tong Zhiqian, et al.Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation increases excita-bility of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons[J]. Brain Research, 2013, 1520: 23-35. [35] Zhao Zhiguo, Gu Huaguang.Transitions between classes of neuronal excitability and bifurcations induced by autapse[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(1): 6760. [36] Huxley H E, Kendrew J C.Extractability of the lotmar-picken material from dried muscle[J]. Nature, 1952, 170(4334): 882. [37] 张帅, 高昕宇, 周振宇, 等. 基于GrC模型的经颅磁声电刺激对神经元放电活动的影响[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(17): 3572-3580. Zhuang Shuai, Gao Xinyu, Zhou Zhenyu, et al.Effect of transcranial magnetic-acoustic electrical stimu-lation coupling electrical stimulation on neuronal discharge activity based on GrC model[J]. Transa-ctions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(17): 3572-3580. [38] Dunn A R, Kaczorowski C C.Regulation of intrinsic excitability: roles for learning and memory, aging and Alzheimer's disease, and genetic diversity[J]. Neuro-biology of Learning and Memory, 2019, 164: 107069. [39] Catterall W A.Structure and function of voltage-sensitive ion channels[J]. Science, 1988, 242(4875): 50-61. [40] Mantegazza M, Curia G, Biagini G, et al.Voltage-gated sodium channels as therapeutic targets in epilepsy and other neurological disorders[J]. The Lancet Neurology, 2010, 9(4): 413-424. [41] Lo W L, Donermeyer D L, Allen P M.A voltage-gated sodium channel is essential for the positive selection of CD4(+) T cells[J]. Nature Immunology, 2012, 13(9): 880-887. [42] Beck H, Yaari Y.Plasticity of intrinsic neuronal properties in CNS disorders[J]. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2008, 9(5): 357-369. [43] Cahalan M D, Chandy K G.The functional network of ion channels in T lymphocytes[J]. Immunological Reviews, 2009, 231(1): 59-87. [44] Rangaraju S, Chi V, Pennington M W, et al.Kv1.3 potassium channels as a therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis[J]. Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2009, 13(8): 909-924.
2021, Vol. 36 
