Abstract：In recent years, HVDC transmission has developed rapidly. However, the problems caused by the phenomenon of surface charge accumulation have become increasingly prominent, which has seriously restricted the further development of high-voltage electrical equipment. In this paper, under the inhomogeneous electric field, the surface charge accumulation characteristics of four kinds of polymer dielectric, such as epoxy resin, silicone rubber, polymethylmethacrylate and polytetrafluoroethylene, were studied by means of planar finger electrode charging. The effects of material, voltage action time and amplitude on the surface charge accumulation were investigated. In addition, the surface charge decay rules of the four materials were studied, and the correlation between charge dissipation rate and accumulation ability was analyzed. The results show that for the planar finger electrodes, the surface charge exhibits bipolar accumulation, that is, the positive side accumulates positive charge, and the negative side accumulates negative charge; on both sides of the electrode, the surface charge accumulation ability of insulating material is different. It is also found that when the charge dissipation rate is high, its surface charge accumulation ability near the ground electrode is also strong. The results will help to provide scientific basis for the insulation problem and optimization design of electrical equipment.
谢庆, 张采芹, 闫纪源, 任洁, 律方成. 不均匀直流电场下绝缘材料表面电荷积聚与消散特性[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(4): 817-830.
Xie Qing, Zhang Caiqin, Yan Jiyuan, Ren Jie, Lü Fangcheng. Study on Accumulation and Dissipation of Surface Charges of Insulating Materials under Uneven DC Field. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2019, 34(4): 817-830.
[1] 范建斌, 李鹏, 李金忠, 等. ±800kV特高压直流GIL关键技术研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2008, 28(13): 1-7. Fan Jianbin, Li Peng, Li Jinzhong, et al.Study on key technology of ±800kV UHVDC GIL[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2008, 28(13): 1-7. [2] 齐波, 张贵新, 李成榕, 等. 气体绝缘金属封闭输电线路的研究现状及应用前景[J]. 高电压技术, 2015, 41(5): 1466-1474. Qi Bo, Zhang Guixin, Li Chengrong, et al.Research status and prospect of gas-insulated metal enclosed transmission line[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41(5): 1466-1474. [3] 孙黎, 胡峰, 穆钢. 基于改进控制策略的MMC- HVDC运行特性研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2018, 46(9): 10-16. Sun Li, Hu Feng, Mu Gang.Investigation of MMC- HVDC operation performance based on improved control strategy[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2018, 46(9): 10-16. [4] Hammer F, Küchler A.Insulating systems for HVDC power apparatus[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielect- rics and Electrical Insulation, 1992, 27(3): 601-609. [5] 唐炬, 潘成, 王邸博, 等. 高压直流绝缘材料表面电荷积聚研究进展[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32(8): 10-21. Tang Ju, Pan Cheng, Wang Dibo, et al.Development of studies about surface charge accumulation on insulating material under HVDC[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(8): 10-21. [6] 高宇. 聚合物电介质表面电荷动态特性研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2009. [7] Fang Z, Fouracre R A, Farish O.Investigations of surface charging of DC insulator spacers[C]// Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena, Millbrae, CA, USA, 1996, 1: 20-23. [8] 汪沨, 方志, 邱毓昌. 高压直流GIS中绝缘子的表面电荷积聚的研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(30): 105-109. Wang Feng, Fang Zhi, Qiu Yuchang.Study of charge accumulation on insulator surface in HVDC gas- insulated switchgear[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2005, 25(30): 105-109. [9] 王健, 李伯涛, 李庆民, 等. 直流GIL中线形金属微粒对柱式绝缘子表面电荷积聚的影响[J]. 电工技术学报, 2016, 31(15): 213-222. Wang Jian, Li Botao, Li Qingmin, et al.Impact of linear metal particle on surface charge accumulation of post insulator within DC GIL[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2016, 31(15): 213-222. [10] 张贵新, 张博雅, 王强, 等. 高压直流GIL中盆式绝缘子表面电荷积聚与消散的实验研究[J]. 高电压技术, 2015, 41(5): 1430-1436. Zhang Guixin, Zhang Boya, Wang Qiang, et al.Experiment study of surface charge accumulation and decay on a cone-type insulator in HVDC GIL[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41(5): 1430-1436. [11] Chalmers ID, Wang C X, Farish O.Dielectric surface charge phenomena in a space environment[C]// Pulsed Power Conference, London, UK, 1989: 804-807. [12] 张博雅, 王强, 祁喆, 等. 直流电压下聚合物表面荷测量方法及积聚特性[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(24): 6664-6674. Zhang Boya, Wang Qiang, Qi Zhe, et al.Measure- ment method and accumulation characteristics of surface charge distribution on polymeric material under DC voltage[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(24): 6664-6674. [13] Zhang Boya, Qi Zhe, Zhang Guixin.Charge accumu- lation patterns on spacer surface in HVDC gas-insulated system: dominant uniform charging and random charge speckles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2017, 24(2): 1229-1238. [14] Shigemitsu Okabe.Phenomena and mechanism of electric charges on spacers in gas insulated switchgears[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2007, 14(1): 46-52. [15] 田浩, 李继承, 郝留成, 等. 直流电压下环氧绝缘材料电气性能对电荷积聚的影响[J]. 电网技术, 2015, 39(5): 1463-1468. Tian Hao, Li Jicheng, Hao Liucheng, et al.Influence of electrical properties of epoxy insulating materials on surface charge accumulation under DC voltage[J]. Power System Technology, 2015, 39(5): 1463-1468. [16] Hiroshi Morita, Toshiyuki Yokosuka, Ayumu Hatanaka.Characteristics of electrical charging on smooth and rough surfaces of glass plates under vacuum[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2016, 23(2): 1226-1232. [17] Josef Kindersberger, Christoph Lederle.Surface charge decay on insulators in air and sulfurhexafluorid- part I: simulation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2008, 15(4): 941-948. [18] Josef Kindersberger, Christoph Lederle.Surface charge decay on insulators in air and sulfurhexafluorid- part II: measurements[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2008, 15(4): 949-956. [19] Shahid Alam, Yuriy V Serdyuk, Stanislaw M Gubanski, et al.Potential decay on silicone rubber surfaces affected by bulk and surface conducti- vities[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2015, 22(2): 970-978. [20] Kumara J R S S, Serdyuk Y V, Gubanski S M. Surface potential decay on LDPE and LDPE/Al2O3 nano-composites: measurements and modeling[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2016, 23(6): 3466-3475. [21] Zhang Boya, Zhang Guixin.Interpretation of the surface charge decay kinetics on insulators with different neutralization mechanisms[J]. Journal of Applied Physics, 2017, 121(10): 105105. [22] 陈可, 梁曦东, 刘杉. 空气中不同温度下环氧树脂绝缘子表面电荷消散过程的实验研究[J]. 高电压技术, 2018, 44(5): 1723-1728. Chen Ke, Liang Xidong, Liu Shan.Experimental study on the decay process of surface charges on epoxy insulators under different temperature in air[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2018, 44(5): 1723-1728. [23] 王蓓, 张贵新, 王强, 等. SF6及空气中绝缘子表面电荷的消散过程分析[J]. 高电压技术, 2011, 37(1): 99-103. Wang Bei, Zhang Guixin, Wang Qiang, et al.Analysis of surface charge decay process on insu- lators in SF6 and air[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2011, 37(1): 99-103. [24] Winter A, Kindersberger J.Stationary resistive field distribution along epoxy resin insulators in air under DC voltage[J]. IEEE Transactions on Diele- ctrics and Electrical Insulation, 2012, 19(5): 1732-1739. [25] Xie Qing, Wang Tao, Huang He, et al.Surface morphology and flashover performance of epoxy resin in SF6 after discharge aging[J]. IEEE Transa- ctions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2017, 24(6): 3395-3404. [26] Xie Qing, Ren Jie, Huang He, et al.Aging characteristics of epoxy resin discharged by very fast transient overvoltage in SF6[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2017, 24(2): 1178-1188. [27] 刘熊, 林海丹, 梁义明, 等. 空气中微秒脉冲沿面放电对环氧树脂表面特性影响研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(13): 158-165. Liu Xiong, Lin Haidan, Liang Yiming, et al.Effect of atmospheric-pressure microsecond pulsed discharges on epoxy resin surface[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(13): 158-165. [28] 王阳, 章程, 谢庆, 等. 纳秒脉冲表面滑闪放电的电气和光学特性[J].电工技术学报, 2017, 32(8): 63-73. Wang Yang, Zhang Cheng, Xie Qing, et al.Experi- mental and optical characteristics of nanosecond- pulse surface sliding discharge[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(8): 63-73. [29] 谢庆, 付可欣, 陆路, 等. 环氧树脂真空沿面闪络后表面形貌的AFM分析及分形特征提取[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32(16): 245-255. Xie Qing, Fu Kexin, Lu Lu, et al.AFM analysis and fractal characteristics extraction of the surface morphology of epoxy resin after vacuum flashover[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(16): 245-255. [30] Shao Tao, Yang Wenjin, Zhang Cheng, et al.Enhanced surface flashover strength in vacuum of polymethylmethacrylate by surface modification using atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2014, 105(7): 071607. [31] 林浩凡, 王瑞雪, 谢庆, 等. 等离子体射流快速改性促进表面电荷衰减[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32(16): 256-264. Lin Haofan, Wang Ruixue, Xie Qing, et al.Rapid surface modification by plasma jet to promote surface charge decaying[J]. Transactions of China Electro- technical Society, 2017, 32(16): 256-264. [32] Li Chuanyang, Hu Jun, Lin Chuanjie, et al.The control mechanism of surface traps on surface charge behavior in alumina-filled epoxy composites[J]. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2016, 49: 445304. [33] 李昂, 杜伯学, 徐航, 等. 表层氟化环氧纳米复合材料表面的电荷动态特性[J]. 高电压技术, 2015, 41(2): 410-416. Li Ang, Du Boxue, Xu Hang, et al.Surface charge accumulation and decay of direct-fluorinated epoxy TiO2 nanocomposites[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2015, 41(2): 410-416. [34] Du B X, Yang Z R, Li Z L, et al.Surface charge behavior of silicone rubber/SiC composites with field-dependent conductivity[J]. IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 2017, 24(3): 1340-1348. [35] 律方成, 阴凯, 付可欣, 等. 氟化剥离填料对氮化硼/环氧复合材料沿面闪络电压的影响[J]. 高电压技术, 2017, 43(9): 2800-2807. Lü Fangcheng, Yin Kai, Fu Kexin, et al.Effect of fluorination and exfoliation filler on the surface flashover voltage of boron nitride/epoxy resin composites[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2017, 43(9): 2800-2807. [36] Das-Gupta D K. Decay of electrical charges on organic synthetic polymer surfaces[J]. IEEE Transa- ctions on Electrical Insulation, 1990, 25(3): 503-508. [37] 吕金壮, 李成榕, 丁立健, 等. 陷阱分布对Al2O3陶瓷介质在真空中沿面闪络特性的影响[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2003, 23(2): 81-85. Lü Jinzhuang, Li Chengrong, Ding Lijian, et al.Influence of the trap distribution on surface flashover performance of alumina ceramic[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2003, 23(2): 81-85. [38] 林川杰, 李传扬, 张贵新, 等. 盆式绝缘子表面电荷反演算法综述及展望[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(24): 6654-6663. Lin Chuanjie, Li Chuanyang, Zhang Guixin, et al.Review and prospect of surface charge inversion algorithm of cone-type spacer based on surface potential measurements[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(24): 6654-6663. [39] 付洋洋, 王强, 张贵新, 等. 基于表面电位测量的表面电荷反演计算[J]. 高电压技术, 2013, 39(1): 88-95. Fu Yangyang, Wang Qiang, Zhang Guixin, et al.Inverse calculation of surface charge based on surface potential measurement[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2013, 39(1): 88-95. [40] 梁英, 靳哲, 张君成. 硅橡胶在不同电晕老化阶段下的表面电荷对沿面闪络的影响[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(22): 6294-6302. Liang Ying, Jin Zhe, Zhang Juncheng.Influence of surface charge on surface flashover of silicone rubber at different corona aging time[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(22): 6294-6302. [41] Yoshida Y, Nakagoe Y, Hatano M, et al. Characteristics of charging on epoxy spacer under dc voltage[J]. IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials, 1998, 118-A: 648-653. 通信作者:谢庆男,1979年生,博士(后),教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电气设备在线监测与故障诊断、新型传感与绝缘材料.E-mail: xq_ncepu@126.com
2019, Vol. 34 
