自主谐振型无线电能传输系统互感与负载的直流侧辨识策略及闭环控制

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.252057

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: PDF (1480 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要

无线电能传输(Wireless Power Transfer, WPT)系统多需实时状态检测,以进行功率安全调控。参数辨识可仅凭发射端数据推断互感、负载信息,从而实现全局状态辨识。考虑到交流电压与电流的幅值与相位信息较为困难且常需系统处于失谐状态,本文通过自主谐振型WPT拓扑,提出一种仅采集直流电压与电流信息的参数辨识方法。首先,进行自主谐振拓扑建模,介绍该技术在输入电抗不为零时,仍能维持谐振状态的基本原理。其次,推导发射端直流电压、电流等信息与互感、负载间的映射关系,获得相应求解方法的同时,推导输出电压、功率等参数的计算公式。随后,建立了基于变频补偿的功率控制策略。最后,利用辨识结果,搭建了输出电压20 V、输出电流1.6 A的试验样机。实验结果表明,自主谐振型WPT拓扑在非固有频率下仍能维持谐振状态,规避了参数辨识时,额外电抗对系统功率传输能力的影响;当负载在5~40 Ω之间,互感在25~55 μH之间变化时,参数辨识精度可维持在6%以内;在变负载动态实验时,可基本实现“恒流—恒压”切换。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	郭栋
	黄文杰
	张犇
	罗博
	程冰

关键词 ：无线电能传输, 直流检测, 参数估计, 自主谐振

Abstract：

Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems are sensitive to variations in mutual inductance and load resistance caused by changes in operating conditions. Such parameter variations directly affect power transmission characteristics and the stability of transmitter-side control. Therefore, real-time estimation of mutual inductance and load resistance is required to support system state monitoring and subsequent power regulation. This paper takes a self-resonant WPT system as the research object and proposes a joint identification method for mutual inductance and load resistance based solely on transmitter-side DC quantities.
The proposed primary-side DC information-based parameter identification method was developed according to the operating mechanism of a self-resonant WPT topology. First, a steady-state equivalent circuit model of the self-resonant WPT system was established. By introducing two additional switching devices and an energy storage capacitor, reactive energy could be temporarily stored and reinjected under detuned operating conditions, thereby compensating for phase deviation caused by inherent input reactance. As a result, the inverter voltage and input current maintain a zero-phase-angle (ZPA) condition at steady state, realizing self-resonant operation. Subsequently, the DC voltage formed across the auxiliary reactive energy storage capacitor under steady-state self-resonant conditions was analyzed, and its quantitative relationship with the system input voltage and equivalent input impedance was derived. The results indicate that, under self-resonant operation, the DC voltage across the auxiliary reactive energy storage capacitor reflects the input reactance characteristics of the system. This can serve as an equivalent DC-side representation of reactance parameters that are conventionally obtained from the amplitude and phase information of input voltage and current in traditional series-series (SS) compensated WPT systems. On this basis, a parametric mapping model relating mutual inductance and equivalent load resistance was established using the transmitter-side DC input voltage, DC input current, and the DC voltage across the auxiliary energy storage capacitor. By reconstructing and decoupling the mapping equations, analytical expressions for mutual inductance and load resistance were derived, enabling real-time identification of these parameters using only DC quantities, without the need for AC signal amplitude or phase detection and without communication between the transmitter and receiver. In addition, based on the identified parameters, analytical expressions for output voltage, output current, and output power were further derived. On this basis, a transmitter-side control strategy based on operating frequency regulation was constructed, through which constant-current and constant-voltage (CC-CV) regulation is achieved by adjusting the operating frequency.
To verify the identification accuracy and dynamic performance of the proposed method, an experimental prototype with an output voltage of 20 V and an output current of 1.6 A was constructed based on the identification results. During the experiments, the transmitter-side DC input voltage, DC input current, and the DC voltage across the auxiliary energy storage capacitor were sampled to obtain the DC information required for parameter identification. Experiments were conducted under various operating conditions, including variations in load resistance and variations in mutual inductance caused by changes in coil spacing. The experimental results show that when the load resistance varies from 5 Ω to 40 Ω and the mutual inductance varies from 25 μH to 55 μH, the identification errors of both mutual inductance and load resistance remain within 6%. Furthermore, dynamic load experiments were carried out to verify the constant-current and constant-voltage (CC-CV) regulation process based on the identified parameters. The results indicate that under light-load operating conditions, the output current can be maintained approximately around the constant-current reference value. As the load gradually increases, the system transitions from constant-current mode to constant-voltage mode. During load variations, the output power exhibits continuous variation without obvious interruption or abrupt change.

Key words： Wireless power transfer DC detection parameter estimation self-resonant operation

收稿日期: 2025-12-04

基金资助:

烟台市科技创新发展计划（2024YT06000160）、国家自然科学基金（52301396）和山东省自然科学基金（ZR2024QD127）资助项目

通讯作者: 程冰男,1996年生,博士,副教授,研究方向为无线电能传输,高增益LLC变换器等。Email：cbing@hrbeu.edu.cn

作者简介: 郭栋男,1992年生,博士,副教授,研究方向为无线电能传输,金属材料电磁后处理等。Email：gd390@hrbeu.edu.cn

引用本文:

郭栋, 黄文杰, 张犇, 罗博, 程冰. 自主谐振型无线电能传输系统互感与负载的直流侧辨识策略及闭环控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 20-. Guo Dong, Huang Wenjie, Zhang Ben, Luo Bo, Cheng Bing. Closed-Loop Control and DC-Side Identification of Mutual Inductance and Load for Autonomous Resonant Wireless power transfer Systems. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 20-.

链接本文:

https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.252057 https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y0/V/I/20

[1] 窦润田, 张献, 李永建, 等. 磁耦合谐振无线电能传输系统电磁屏蔽应用发展与研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2023,43(15):6020-6040.
Dou Runtian, Zhang Xian, Li Yongjian, et al.review of application development and research of electromagnetic shielding in magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transmission system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2023, 43(15): 6020-6040.
[2] 荣灿灿, 段晓宇, 陈蒙蒙, 等. 基于双正交DD-双组合式螺线管的强抗偏移性无人机无线电能传输系统[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026;41(01):46-59.
Rong Cancan, Duan Xiaoyu, Chen Mengmeng, et al.A Robust Anti-Offset Wireless Power Transfer System for Unmanned AerialVehicles Based on Dual-Orthogonal DD-Dual Combined Solenoid[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026;41(01):46-59.
[3] 冯波, 彭大为, 杨奕, 等. 改进型扁平螺线管线圈高抗偏移无线电能传输系统[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025;40(12):3716-3726.
Feng Bo, Peng Dawei, Yang Yi, et al.Enhanced Flat Solenoid Coil with High Misalignment Tolerance forWireless Power Transfer System[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025;40(12):3716-3726.
[4] 张保坤, 邓钧君, 林倪, 等. 基于移相控制与模式切换的双向无线电能传输系统效率优化方法[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2025;49(16):187-196.
Zhang Baokun,Deng Junjun,Lin Ni, et al.Efficiency Optimization Method for Bidirectional Wireless Power Transfer System Based onPhase-shift Control and Mode Switching[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2025;49(16):187-196.
[5] 戴欣, 夏梓壹, 犹安红. 多激励端WPT系统基于模型逆的输出控制[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022,42(20):7319-7332.
Dai Xin, Xia Ziyi, You Anhong.Model-inverse-based Output Control of the Multi-excitation-unit WPT System[J]. Proceedings of the CESS, 2022,42(20):7319-7332.
[6] 高俊岭, 张磊, 黄豪磊. 电动汽车无线充电系统双LCC型补偿拓扑研究[J]. 电工技术, 2023, 1(24):40-42+6.
Gao Junling, Zhang Lei, Huang Haolei. Study on Dual LCC Compensation Topology of Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging System[J]. Electrical Engineering, 2023,1(24):40-42+6.
[7] Xuebin Zhou, Yonghong Tan, Linhui Wang, et al.A special LCC-S compensated WPT system with inherent CC-CV transition for electric bicycles charging[J]. Wireless Power Transfer, 2024, 11(1): 1-4.
[8] 郭彦杰, 张玉旺, 王丽芳, 等. 无线电能传输系统接收端多参数联合辨识[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022,42(20):7403-7415.
Guo Yanjie, Zhang Yuwang, Wang Lifang, et al.Joint Identification of Multiple Parameters in the Secondary Side of Wireless Power Transfer Systems[J]. Proceedings of the CESS, 2022,42(20):7403-7415.
[9] Chen Fengwei, Padilla A, Young P C, et al.Data-Driven Modeling of Wireless Power Transfer Systems With Slowly Time-Varying Parameters[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020,35(11):12442-12456.
[10] Li Weihan, Wei Guo, Cui Chao, et al.A Double-Side Self-Tuning LCC/S System Using a Variable Switched Capacitor Based on Parameter Recognition[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2021,68(4):3069-3078.
[11] Zhang Jianzhong, Zhao Jin, Zhang Yaqian, et al.A Wireless Power Transfer System With Dual Switch-Controlled Capacitors for Efficiency Optimization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2020,35(6):6091-6101.
[12] Hiramatsu T, Huang X, Kato M, et al., editors. Wireless charging power control for HESS through receiver side voltage control[C]//. 2015 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Charlotte, USA, IEEE, 2015:1614-1619.
[13] Liu Yuanyuan, Feng Hongwei.Maximum Efficiency Tracking Control Method for WPT System Based on Dynamic Coupling Coefficient Identification and Impedance Matching Network[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2020,8(4):3633-3643.
[14] 白龙雷, 孙良顺, 马智勇, 等. 基于原边监测的水下WPT系统参数识别技术研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2025,45(06):2358-2367.
Bai Longlei, Sun Liangshun, Ma Zhiyong, et al.Research on Parameter Identification Technology of Underwater WPT System Based on Transmission Side Monitoring[J]. Proceedings of the CESS, 2025,45(06):2358-2367.
[15] 刘旭, 钟敬, 荣灿灿, 等. 考虑水下跨接电容效应的水下磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输系统多参数辨识方法[J]. 电工技术学报,2025,1(1):1-15.
Liu Xu, Zhong Jing, Rong Cancan, et al.Multiple Parameters Identification Method Considering the Span Capacitor Effect in the Underwater Magnetic Coupled Resonant Wireless Power Transfer System[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2025,1(1): 1-15.
[16] Jiwariyavej V, Imura T, Hori Y.Coupling Coefficients Estimation of Wireless Power Transfer System via Magnetic Resonance Coupling Using Information From Either Side of the System[J]. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 2015,3(1):191-200.
[17] Su Yugang, Zhang Hongyuan, Wang Zhihui, et al.Steady-State Load Identification Method of Inductive Power Transfer System Based on Switching Capacitors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015,30(11):6349-6355.
[18] Luo Bo, Wu Huan, Wang Mengyao, et al.Front-End Parameter Identification Method Based on Adam-W Optimization Algorithm for Underwater Wireless Power Transfer System[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2025,40(4):6307-6318.
[19] Li Shufan, Wang Lifang, Guo Yanjie, et al.Flexible Energy-Transfer Control of Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System Based On Estimation of Load and Mutual Inductance[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2022,58(1):1157-1167.
[20] Zeng Junming, Li Kerui, Yuan Huawei, et al.A Fast Front-End Monitoring Method for Mutual Inductance and Load Movement in SS-Compensated Wireless Power Transfer Systems Based on Harmonics Extraction[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2025,40(1):2569-2580.
[21] Dai Ruiming, Zhou Wei, Chen Yonghong, et al.Pulse Density Modulation Based Mutual Inductance and Load Resistance Identification Method for Wireless Power Transfer System[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2022,37(8):9933-9943.
[22] Zeng Junming, Wu Jiayang, Li Kerui, et al.Dynamic Monitoring of Battery Variables and Mutual Inductance for Primary-Side Control of a Wireless Charging System[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2024,71(7):7966-7974.
[23] 张岩, 都义彬, 臧朝辉, 等. 基于发射端信息的无线电能传输系统负载与互感辨识方法研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 1(1):1-11.
Zhang Yan, Du Yibin, Zang Chaohui, et al.Load and Mutual Inductance Identification of WPT System Based on Transmitter Information[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 1(1):1-11.
[24] 李小飞, 蒋光利, 李志恒, 等. 基于互感与负载识别的AGV无线电能传输系统闭环恒流与效率优化控制方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025,40(14):4418-4430.
Li Xiaofei, Jiang Guangli, Li Zhiheng, et al.A Closed-Loop Constant Current and Efficiency Optimization Control Method for AGV Wireless Power Transfer System Based on Mutual Inductance and Load Identification[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025,40(14):4418-4430.
[25] 陆远方, 黎祎阳, 杨斌, 等. 考虑线圈参数变化的SS型动态无线电能传输系统参数优化设计方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022,37(18):4537-4547.
Lu Yuanfang, Li Yiyang, Yang Bin, et al.Parameter Design Method for SS Compensated Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer System Considering Coils’ Parameters Variations[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022,37(18):4537-4547.
[26] 谭平安, 许文浩, 上官旭, 等. 无线电能传输系统中组合串绕六边形线圈的互感建模及参数优化[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023,38(09):2299-2309.
Tan Pingan, Xu Wenhao, Shangguan Xu, et al.Mutual Inductance Modeling and Parameter Optimization of Wireless Power Transfer System with Combined Series-Wound Hexagonal Coils[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023,38(9):2299-2309.
[27] Zhang Zhen, Pang Hongliang, Eder S,et al.Self-Balancing Virtual Impedance for Multiple-Pickup Wireless Power Transfer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics. 2021;36(1):958-967.
[28] Guo Dong, Su Yinlei, Yin He, et al.Self-Adaptive Resonance Technology for Wireless Power Transfer Systems to Eliminate Impedance Mismatches[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2024;39(8):10482-10495.