电磁式漏电保护特性影响因素分析及其稳健性设计

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.220872

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摘要

电磁式漏电保护是一种重要的漏电故障保护技术,其漏电保护特性受元器件参数影响大,导致批量生产工艺要求高,生产成本较高。本文针对电磁式漏电保护特性不稳定性问题开展研究。首先分析漏电检测电路的工作原理,确定剩余电流互感器与补偿电容、补偿电阻之间的耦合关系;其次分析剩余电流互感器铁心磁参数与漏电检测电路参数对漏电保护特性的影响,为剩余电流互感器及漏电检测电路的参数匹配设计提供依据;最后分析补偿电容容差与剩余电流互感器铁心磁参数分散性对漏电保护特性稳健性的影响,确定铁心材料磁参数与漏电检测电路参数的匹配关系,进行剩余电流互感器及漏电检测电路参数的匹配设计,降低了元器件参数分散性对漏电保护特性的影响。

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	李奎
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	胡博凯

关键词 ：电磁式漏电保护, 剩余电流互感器, 漏电保护特性, 稳健性, 参数匹配设计

Abstract：

Electromagnetic leakage protection is an important leakage fault protection technology, whose characteristics are greatly influenced by component parameters and require high requirements for batch production process, resulting in high production costs. The problem of instability of electromagnetic leakage protection characteristics is studied to improve its robustness and to solve the constraints of batch production of electromagnetic leakage protector.
Electromagnetic leakage protection characteristics, such as leakage operating current and operating time, depend on the parameters of the residual current transformer and its matching resistance and capacitance. If leakage operating current is a certain value, the matching relationship curve of R₁ and C₁ is like the letter "U". As C₁ increases, the operating time t_C increases and then decreases. The maximum value of operating time t_C appears around the resonant capacitor, and it increases with the increase of resonant capacitance. The inductance varies for different residual current transformer core magnetic parameters, resulting in different resistance and capacitance to be matched. However, the shape of the curve for the matching relationship between resistance and capacitance is the same, simply shifting on the axis, as shown in Fig.1(a), with a similar variation in the operating time t_C, as shown in Fig.1(b).

Although different compensation capacitors C₁ are available to meet the requirements of the leakage protection characteristics, the stability of the characteristics varies. The leakage protection characteristics is shown to be robust if C₁ is smaller than the resonant capacitance, and the tolerance of C₁ has less effect on it. At the same time, the leakage protection characteristics are also influenced by the magnetic parameters of the residual current transformer core such as B_s, B_r, H_c. The stability of the leakage protection characteristics varies under different B_s, B_r and H_c, with B_r and H_c having a large impact and B_s having a small impact. For the same value of compensation capacitance, there is a lower limit k_min for B_r/H_c. If B_r/H_c<k_min, the leakage operating current and operating time will change rapidly with B_r/H_c. While B_r/H_c>1.5k_min, it is guaranteed that the value of B_r/H_c is still greater than k_min when the dispersion of B_r and H_c reaches ±20%. In this case the leakage protection characteristics are less affected by the dispersion of magnetic parameters and its robustness is better.
According to the above analysis, the matching design of residual current transformer and leakage detection circuit parameters are carried out, as shown in Table 1. Under the core magnetic parameters of the original scheme, the matching of R₁ and C₁ are carried out, and the leakage protection characteristics can meet the requirements. However, if the component parameters offset up to 10% due to dispersion of component parameters or the temperature of the environment, the value of leakage operating current I_Δ exceeds the rated leakage operating current value I_Δn, and the leakage protector can not be operated with I_Δ= I_Δn. With a 10% change in capacitance and the magnetic parameters shifted in the direction of the maximum shift in the protection characteristics, the offset of leakage operating current value is less than 6%, and the offset of operating time t_C is less than 7.1% with the optimized scheme 1 and 2. The robustness of the electromagnetic leakage protection characteristics is improved, which can be obtained from the fact that the protection characteristics vary less than the parameters of the components. The consistency and stability of the leakage protection characteristics can be ensured during manufacturing and operation with the optimized scheme, which is conducive to batch production.

Key words： Electromagnetic leakage protection Residual current transformer Leakage protection characteristics Robustness Parameter matching design

PACS:

TM561

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（51977059）和河北省自然科学基金（E2020202042）

通讯作者: 武一女,1964年生,教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为智能控制系统研究与应用。E-mail：wuyi@hebut.edu.cn

作者简介: 李奎男,1965年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电器可靠性与试验技术、电器智能化理论与技术。E-mail：likui@hebut.edu.cn

引用本文:

李奎, 徐子健, 卢志伟, 武一, 胡博凯. 电磁式漏电保护特性影响因素分析及其稳健性设计[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 21-21. Li Kui, Xu Zijian, Lu Zhiwei, Wu Yi, Hu Bokai. Factors Analysis and Robust Design of Electromagnetic Leakage Protection Characteristics. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 21-21.

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