基于特征模态分解的多区域频率支撑强度量化评估方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251271

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摘要

随着电力系统新能源设备的不断增加,调频资源的空间分布差异特性变得愈发明显,系统中不同区域的电气耦合强度逐渐减弱,导致电网不同区域之间的频率差异日趋显著,基于传统全局频率响应模型的系统频率支撑强度量化指标及评估方法误差显著提升。为此,本文提出一种考虑空间分布差异特性的多区域频率支撑强度量化评估方法。首先,基于频率响应统一表征方法,利用频率特征模态分解技术推导出多种频率支撑设备协同参与的区域频率响应解析模型。然后,基于区域频率响应解析模型推导出区域频率支撑强度量化指标频率最低点(Δf_nadir)和频率最大变化率(RoCoF_max)的解析模型。最后,在三区域新能源电力系统中对所提多区域频率支撑强度量化评估方法进行数值仿真分析,证实所提方法与传统系统频率支撑强度量化评估方法相比具有更高的分析精度,且在广泛运行工况下具备一定保守性,因而更具工程实用价值。

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关键词 ：区域频率, 频率支撑强度, 量化分析, 频率变化率, 频率最低点

Abstract：

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources in power systems, the spatial heterogeneity of frequency regulation resources is becoming increasingly pronounced, while the inter-regional electrical coupling strength is gradually diminishing. Consequently, these factors lead to the increasingly significant frequency differences between different regions of the power grid. The estimation errors for quantitative metrics of system frequency support strength are significantly amplified under the traditional global frequency response model. Therefore, this paper proposes a quantitative evaluation method for multi-region frequency support strength considering the characteristics of spatial distribution differences.
First, this paper derives an analytical model of regional frequency responses utilizing the eigen-decomposition of frequency modes. Furthermore, based on the multi-region frequency response analytical model, a quantitative metrics for evaluating multi-region frequency support strength is established. This strength is characterized by the frequency nadir (Δf_nadir) and the maximum rate of change of frequency (RoCoF_max) in homogeneous power systems where the parameters of the equipment across regions maintain identical ratios. During the model derivation process, a reasonable conservative design principle is introduced to preserve accuracy while ensuring a sufficient safety margin, thereby facilitating practical engineering applications. Subsequently, in contrast to homogeneous cases, heterogeneous systems are characterized by disproportional equipment parameters across different regions. To analyze such systems, this paper employs a parameter transfer methodology that converts heterogeneous system parameters into homogeneous equivalents. Building on this foundation, the paper develops a quantitative analytical model for evaluating multi-region frequency support strength, incorporating the coordinated participation of multiple types of frequency support equipment in heterogeneous power systems.
The simulation results reveal that regional frequency can be decomposed into the common mode frequency (CMF), which represents the global system frequency dynamics, and the differential mode frequency (DMF), which captures inter-regional frequency deviations. With the non-uniform distribution of frequency regulation resources, a significant divergence occurs between the CMF and individual regional frequencies. Validation across multiple scenarios reveals that the proposed multi-region frequency support strength evaluation model demonstrates strong performance in homogeneous systems, with relative errors remaining within 5% while maintaining conservative characteristics. The relative errors of the heterogeneous-to-homogeneous parameter conversion method exhibit a positive correlation with the degree of system heterogeneity. Subsequent comprehensive validation in diverse heterogeneous systems confirms that the proposed analytical model consistently yields high numerical fidelity, maintaining relative errors well within 5% across a wide spectrum of operational scenarios. Finally, to further validate the proposed method, the proposed model is applied to the actual two-region England-Scotland power system. It demonstrates high accuracy and a desirable degree of conservatism, highlighting its practical engineering value.
The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The proposed multi-region frequency response model, incorporating coordinated operation of diverse frequency regulation resources, accurately captures the dynamic characteristics of regional frequency. 2) The frequency support strength evaluation model for homogeneous systems exhibits both highly accurate and conservative performance across diverse operating conditions. 3) This study validates the feasibility of heterogeneous-to-homogeneous parameter conversion methodology. Furthermore, the validation results confirm that the multi-region frequency support strength evaluation model maintains acceptable accuracy in heterogeneous systems, thereby verifying its practical effectiveness in power systems.

Key words： Regional frequency frequency support strength quantitative analysis rate of change of frequency frequency nadir

收稿日期: 2025-07-18

PACS:

TM712

基金资助:

国家电网有限公司科技项目资助（SGJL0000DKJS2400251）

通讯作者: 刘云男,1988年生,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为新能源电力系统稳定分析、运行与控制;稳定约束的电力电子化电力系统规划、运行与控制等。E-mail：liuyun19881026@gmail.com

作者简介: 曹徽男,2002年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为新能源电力系统区域频率的稳定分析。E-mail：202421014828@mail.scut.edu.cn

引用本文:

曹徽, 朱继忠, 宋晓喆, 潘建宏, 赵连飞, 刘云. 基于特征模态分解的多区域频率支撑强度量化评估方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 31-. Cao Hui, Zhu Jizhong, Song Xiaozhe, Pan Jianhong, Zhao Lianfei, Liu Yun. Quantitative Evaluation Method of Multi-Region Frequency Support Strength based on Eigen-Decomposition. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 31-.

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