基于多元电压特征提取的超声速直线感应电机速度观测方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251248

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摘要针对直线电机在地面超声速（约340 m/s）运行时激波非定常气动力扰动导致速度传感器失效、速度易失控问题,该文提出一种基于多元电压特征提取的直线感应电机速度观测方法。首先,通过构建分段函数融合相邻定子段的dq轴电压,消除单个定子段电压的直流偏置,重构直线电机动子连续速度特征;其次,利用定子段切换时刻的电压变化特性,动态提取速度观测器参数,降低对电机参数准确性的依赖;最后,设计dq轴观测速度加权融合算法,通过动态调整权重系数提升直线电机速度观测精度。提出的速度观测方法适用于高速且高加/减速工况,在惰行和低速时具有一定的局限性,但不影响超声速时速度观测。在Matlab/Simulink和超高速实验平台对提出速度观测方法的有效性、精度和局限性进行了验证,在高速且高加速/减速工况下,仿真中速度观测平均误差小于0.8%,实验中速度观测与传感器测量值的平均误差小于1.1%,实现了直线感应电机超声速下速度的准确观测。所提方法可有效解决超声速激波不确定扰动对速度测量的影响,为直线电机更高速度运行提供速度观测基础。

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关键词 ：直线感应电机, 速度观测, 超声速, 电压特征提取

Abstract：Linear induction motors (LIMs) offer the advantages of a simple mover design, ease of modularization, and the elimination of transmission mechanisms, making them ideal for ground-based high-speed electromagnetic testing facilities and aerospace electromagnetic launch systems. However, when LIMs operate at supersonic speeds (around 340 m/s at altitudes below 100 m and temperatures below 30℃), unsteady aerodynamic forces caused by shock waves create severe disturbances to the mover. This disruption can interfere with speed and position sensing devices, leading to failures in motor speed control.
This paper presents a speed observation method for LIMs based on extracting multivariate voltage features. First, a piecewise function is used to fuse the dq-axis voltages from adjacent segmented stators, thereby removing the inherent DC bias in individual stator voltages and reconstructing continuous speed profiles of the LIM mover. Second, by analyzing voltage variations during segmented stator switching, the method dynamically extracts parameters for the speed observer, reducing reliance on precise motor parameters. Lastly, a weighted fusion algorithm for the dq-axis observed speeds is developed to improve accuracy by adaptively adjusting weighting coefficients. The proposed approach is practical under high-speed and high acceleration/deceleration conditions. However, it has limitations during coasting and low-speed operations that do not significantly affect speed observations at supersonic speeds.
The proposed method is validated through Matlab/Simulink simulation and high-speed experiment. Simulation results indicate that errors in high-speed and average-speed measurements are less than 8% under high-speed and high-acceleration/deceleration conditions. Experimental results reveal an average error of less than 1.1% compared to sensor measurements. Both simulation and experimental data confirm that accurate speed observation is achievable during supersonic operation.
The following conclusions are drawn from the simulation and experimental analysis. (1) Compared to traditional single-segment methods, the proposed approach that combines information from adjacent stator segments can achieve continuous speed characteristics. (2) The method uses voltage variation characteristics at switching points to lessen dependence on precise parameters. (3) The dq-axis speed observation weighted fusion algorithm improves the accuracy of speed observation. (4) The proposed method is suitable for high-speed and high-acceleration/deceleration scenarios, but it has limitations at low speeds or during coasting. Overall, the proposed method effectively reduces the impact of unpredictable shockwave disturbances on speed measurement, paving the way for disturbance suppression in LIMs operating at even higher speeds.

Key words： Linear induction motor speed observation supersonic speed voltage feature extraction

收稿日期: 2025-07-15

PACS:

TM346

基金资助:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（B类）资助项目（XDB1330202）

通讯作者: 范满义男,1988年生,博士,副研究员,研究方向为高速直线电机高精度速度测量和无线电能传输。 E-mail: fanmanyi@mail.iee.ac.cn

作者简介: 徐飞男,1983年生,博士,副研究员,研究方向为高速直线电机数学建模与高性能控制。E-mail: xufei@mail.iee.ac.cn

引用本文:

徐飞, 姜新宇, 范满义, 史黎明, 李子欣. 基于多元电压特征提取的超声速直线感应电机速度观测方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026, 41(6): 1962-1975. Xu Fei, Jiang Xinyu, Fan Manyi, Shi Liming, Li Zixin. A Speed Observation Method for Supersonic Linear Induction Motors Based on Multivariate Voltage Feature Extraction. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(6): 1962-1975.

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