A Rectifier-Channel Characteristic Simulation Technology Based on DC-DC Converter for Microwave Wireless Power Transmission
Cao Qi1, Lu Weiguo1, Zhang Tingting2, Zhang Huaiqing1
1. State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology School of Electrical Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing 400044 China; 2. State Grid Tangshan Electric Power Co. Ltd Tangshan 063000 China
Abstract：In the microwave wireless power transmission（MWPT）system, the energy synthesis on the rectifier side of the receiving end requires two-stage processing of multi-channel microwave energy rectification and DC convergence. However, the experimental research on the back-end convergence network relies heavily on the prior construction of the front-end microwave multi-channel rectifier experimental platform. The manufacturing of traditional microwave rectifier-channels requires high-frequency substrates（such as Rogers RO4350B), and rectifier channels are large in size（about 25 mm×25 mm or more in the GHz frequency band). High costs, long cycle times, and bulky volumes in platform construction significantly restrict the flexibility of convergence experiments. In addition, the output characteristics of rectifier-channels with different structures/ powers/frequencies are different, which further increases the complexity of the convergence experiment. This paper proposes a simulation technology for the output characteristics of the rectifier-channel based on the DC-DC converter. It constructs a rectifier-channel characteristic simulator（RCS）to replace the front-end microwave rectifier-channel experimental platform. Firstly, based on the strong nonlinear output characteristics of the rectifier-channel, an I-V mathematical model is established, containing high-frequency parasitic parameters（junction capacitance Cj and lead inductance Ls）at the GHz level. The model can effectively characterize the dynamic nonlinear effects caused by the coupling of input power sensitivity and load impedance. Secondly, the particle swarm optimization（PSO）algorithm, combined with the measured data, is used to achieve high-accuracy identification of the model parameters. Then, the RCS hardware implementation architecture, based on the Boost converter under DCM, is adopted to ensure that the input impedance is independent of the load. Finally, to overcome the shortcomings of traditional control methods（such as slow response of PI control and complicated step-size conventional point-by-point setting control）in simulating high-frequency nonlinear dynamic characteristics, an improved dynamic point-by-point control algorithm is proposed. Fast and oscillation-free tracking of the I-V parameter model is achieved through the introduction of an adaptive step-size adjustment mechanism. The simulation is conducted under the conditions of Vi=2 V, L=68 μH（DCM)/100 μH（CCM), Ci=Co= 100 μF, fs=100 kHz. The results show that the steady-state error of RCS is less than 2%, and the maximum transient response time is 80 ms. Then, an RCS experimental prototype is constructed. Under a wide range of input power（25 dBm to 40 dBm）and load（10 Ω to 5 000 Ω）conditions, experimental results show that the RCS output characteristics are highly consistent with the actual rectifier channels. The steady-state simulation accuracy is higher than 97%, and the transient response time is less than 0.1 s. This paper presents the following conclusions.（1）The established I-V mathematical model and parameter identification method can accurately characterize the dynamic nonlinear characteristics of the rectifier-channel.（2）The improved dynamic point-by-point control algorithm has achieved fast and high-precision simulation of high-frequency nonlinear characteristics.（3）RCS can effectively replace the actual microwave rectifier-channel experimental platform, which reduces the cost and cycle time of the experimental study of the back-end DC convergence. It provides experimental support for the energy synthesis of the MWPT system. The technology can be expanded to simulate the array characteristics of multiple rectifier-channels by increasing the number of simulators.
曹琪, 卢伟国, 张婷婷, 张淮清. 基于DC-DC变换器的微波无线能量传输整流通道特性模拟技术[J]. 电工技术学报, 2026, 41(16): 5521-5534.
Cao Qi, Lu Weiguo, Zhang Tingting, Zhang Huaiqing. A Rectifier-Channel Characteristic Simulation Technology Based on DC-DC Converter for Microwave Wireless Power Transmission. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2026, 41(16): 5521-5534.
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2026, Vol. 41 
