电气化铁路沿线光伏分布式并网方案及其电气特性研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.241814

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摘要

为实现电气化铁路的低碳、绿色供电以及铁路沿线光伏发电的高效、就近消纳, 本文提出一种基于牵引网的铁路沿线光伏分布式并网方案。首先,考虑铁路沿线光伏狭长分散分布的特征,提出基于牵引网的沿线光伏分布式并网拓扑结构。然后,建立“光伏发电系统（源）-外部电网（源）-逆变器（网）-牵引网（网）-电力机车（车）”能量流耦合模型,并提出考虑光伏逆变器牵引网电压补偿的“源-网-车”系统潮流计算方法。最后,结合实际牵引供电系统参数,从损耗特性、网压水平与经济性三个方面进行对比,验证所提分布式方案相比既有集中式方案的优势。结果表明,所提方案可减少光伏传输损耗57.55%,提高光伏利用率9.59%、降低投资成本48.86%,并显著减小网压波动。

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关键词 ：电气化铁路, 光伏发电, 分布式并网, 潮流计算, 网压补偿

Abstract：

With the rapid development of electrified railways (ERs), the traction power demand has increased sharply. In 2023, the National Railway Group's electricity consumption for traction reached 97.423 billion kWh. However, ERs rely heavily on high-carbon energy sources, leading to significant carbon emissions. Thus, achieving low-carbon energy consumption for ERs is crucial.
ERs are extensively distributed, and their infrastructure, such as embankment slopes and station canopies, offers vast potential for photovoltaic (PV) development. Additionally, the energy demand for traction aligns well with PV generation, providing excellent capacity for PV energy absorption. By fully utilizing the PV potential of infrastructure along railway lines and integrating distributed PV generation systems, ERs can significantly reduce their carbon emissions.
To achieve low-carbon and green power supply for ERs, as well as to efficiently absorb power from the PVs along railway lines, this paper proposes distributed PV integration scheme based on the traction network. First, considering the narrow and dispersed nature of PV along railway lines, a grid connection topology for distributed PVs is proposed. This topology incorporates the structure of the railway traction power supply system and the local infrastructure conditions, selecting traction substations, AT stations, and section posts as PV integration points. Next, an energy flow coupling model is established for the system, comprising "PVs (Source) - Utility Grid (Source) - Inverter (Grid) - Traction Network (Grid) - Electric Trains (Train)." A power flow calculation method is developed for the "Source-Grid-Train" system, which includes voltage compensation by the PV inverter.
Simulation results comparing the proposed distributed integration scheme with the existing centralized scheme are presented, focusing on system losses, traction network voltage stability, and economic performance. The results demonstrate that the proposed distributed scheme significantly outperforms the centralized scheme in reducing system losses, stabilizing traction network voltage, and lowering investment costs. The specific conclusions are as follows: 1) For the same PV capacity, the distributed scheme reduces system losses by 57.55% and increases PV utilization by 9.59%, due to high-voltage transmission and local energy absorption. 2) The distributed scheme enables voltage regulation at multiple nodes using reactive power compensation, significantly reducing traction network voltage fluctuations. 3) Under the same traction load and PV configuration, the distributed scheme reduces investment costs by 48.86%, lowers electricity costs by 11.59%, and offers a shorter payback period with a higher benefit-to-cost ratio, making it more economically advantageous.
In conclusion, the proposed distributed integration scheme is more suitable for integrating PVs along ERs compared to existing centralized solutions. Future research will focus on solving the coordinated voltage control issue for traction networks using distributed PV inverters and optimizing system configurations after integrating PV and energy storage.

Key words： Electrified railways photovoltaic distributed integration dynamic power flow calculation voltage compensation.

收稿日期: 2024-10-17

PACS:

TM922

基金资助:

国家重点研发计划（2022YFB2603100）、中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司项目（2023YJ297）和四川省科技计划项目（2025NSFTD0007）资助

通讯作者: 胡海涛男,1987年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为牵引供电/电力系统电能质量与稳定性。E-mail：hht@swjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 高艺宁女,2001年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为新能源接入牵引供电系统方案。E-mail：gyn@my.swjtu.edu.cn

引用本文:

高艺宁, 胡海涛, 葛银波, 黄毅, 郭旭刚, 廖凯. 电气化铁路沿线光伏分布式并网方案及其电气特性研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 1814-. Gao Yining, Hu Haitao, Ge Yinbo, Huang Yi, Guo Xugang, Liao Kai. Research on Distributed Photovoltaic Integration Scheme Along Electrified Railways and Its Electrical Characteristics. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 1814-.

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