矩形波激励对纳米晶合金高频磁化过程的微观影响机理

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240139

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摘要高频变压器工作时会面临占空比变化的激励情况,由于存在磁弛豫现象,矩形波占空比能通过改变铁心用材料纳米晶合金磁化时间,影响高频变压器能否达到饱和工作点。建立纳米晶合金微磁学模型,对该模型分别施加不同占空比D的矩形波激励,并定义了磁化速率v,从磁滞损耗P_v、v及磁矩偏转角速度ω三方面分析D对磁化过程的影响。结果表明,D=0.5时P_v最小,增大或减小D,都会导致P_v的增加,且满足两组不同占空比和为1的矩形波激励下,材料产生的P_v相同。若激励磁场处在上升沿,D=0.1时的v与ω最小,D=0.9时的v与ω最大;若处在下降沿,D=0.9时的v与ω最小,D=0.1时的v与ω最大。D会影响材料磁化时间,由于磁弛豫现象,改变磁化时间可决定材料能否达到饱和磁化状态,因此存在一个临界状态,该文将其定义为临界占空比D_c。结果表明,当D<0.5时D_c1的范围应处在0.2~0.21,D>0.5时D_c2的范围应处在0.8~0.81,为不同工况下高频变压器工作点的选取提供了参考依据。

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关键词 ：纳米晶合金, 微磁学, 磁矩偏转, 磁滞损耗, 占空比, 矩形波

Abstract：With the increase of operating frequency, high-frequency transformers show excellent performance.Furthermore, nanocrystalline alloy, especially iron-based nanocrystalline alloy,due to its unique properties performs well as one of the core materials. In the actual working environment, the high frequency transformer is affected by the rectangular wave excitation with the change of duty ratio, which leads to the change of the material’s magnetization process. the duty ratio of the rectangular wave affects the magnetization time of nanocrystalline alloy for the core material, which affects whether high frequency transformer can reach the saturation operating point. Based on the theory of the random anisotropy, a micromagnetic model of the nanocrystalline alloy at mesoscale is established, and the rectangular wave excitation with different duty ratios D is applied to the model. In addition,the magnetization ratev is defined. The influence of D on the magnetization process is analyzed from the three aspects which are the hysteresis loss P_v, the magnetization ratev and the magnetic moment deviation angular velocity ω respectively.
The results show that P_v is the smallest when D=0.5, and P_v increases when D increases or decreases. When the sum of different duty ratios is 1, P_v is the same correspondingly. If the exciting magnetic field is located at the rising edge, v and ω are the smallest when D=0.1, or the largest when D=0.9. If the exciting magnetic field is at the falling edge, v and ω are the smallest when D=0.9, and the largest when D=0.1. The above results show that D can affect the magnetization time of the material. Due to magnetic relaxation, changing the magnetization time determines whether the material can achieve saturation magnetization. It proves that the difference in hysteresis loss caused by different duty ratios is caused by the rising edge and falling edge, that is, In the rectangular wave high-low level conversion, on the one hand the macro level asv, and on the other hand the micro level asω, which is caused by the difference between the two variables.
In view of the fact that there exists a critical state in exploring the influence of D on the magnetization process, whichcan make nanocrystalline alloy magnetized to the saturation magnetization state exactly under the action of the external excitation source. This critical state is defined as the critical duty ratio (CDR), represented by D_c.By comparing the relationship between different duty ratios and the difference between the magnetization intensity before the transition stage and the saturation magnetization, it is found that when D<0.5, the value of D_c1 ranges from 0.2 to 0.21. When D is less than 0.5, the value of D_c2 ranges from 0.8 to 0.81.When D<D_c1, in the high level holding phase and can not achieve the saturation magnetization, when D_c1<D<D_c2, the material can reach the saturation magnetization regardless of whether it is in the high level or low level stage, when D>D_c2, it cannot achieve the saturation magnetization in the low level holding phase. It provides reference for the selection of high frequency transformer operating points under different working conditions.

Key words： Nanocrystalline alloy micromagnetics magnetic domain deflection hysteresis loss duty ratio rectangular wave

收稿日期: 2024-01-19

PACS:

TM274

基金资助:国家自然科学基金（51977122）和省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室课题（EERI_KF2021011）资助项目

通讯作者: 邹亮男,1983年生,博士,教授,研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术、应用电磁学等。E-mail：zouliang@sdu.edu.cn

作者简介: 王怡凡女,2000年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术、高频软磁材料磁特性分析。E-mail：202234744@mail.sdu.edu.cn

引用本文:

王怡凡, 邹亮, 张黎, 李永建, 孙秋霞. 矩形波激励对纳米晶合金高频磁化过程的微观影响机理[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(11): 3259-3269. Wang Yifan, Zou Liang, Zhan Li, Li Yongjian, Sun Qiuxia. Effect of Rectangular Wave Excitation with Different Duty Ratio on Magnetization Process of Nanocrystalline Alloys. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(11): 3259-3269.

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