计及送受端交互影响的嵌入式直流系统换相失败特性分析

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.260190

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摘要

送受端换流站接入同一区域电网形成的嵌入式直流系统,其送受端交互影响显著增强,现有基于单端电压暂态特性的换相失败机理难以准确解释其故障恢复阶段的暂态特征。针对这一问题,本文开展送受端交互影响下嵌入式直流系统换相失败特性分析。首先,推导嵌入式直流系统关断角表达式,阐明送受端电压对关断角的耦合作用是嵌入式直流系统区别于传统跨区直流系统的重要特征,并在此基础上提出电压交互影响因子以量化评估送受端电压交互影响程度。然后,通过构建直流电流变化率表达式并结合嵌入式直流系统形态特征,揭示送受端电压同步变化特性在受端故障恢复阶段对直流电流恢复产生抑制作用,逆变站长时间处于定电流控制状态,并在控制器切换时超前触发角裕度不足,从而引发换相失败。最后,通过电磁暂态仿真验证了所提分析结论的合理性。

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关键词 ：嵌入式直流系统, 换相失败, 电压交互影响, 故障类型, 特性分析

Abstract：

Embedded DC (EDC) systems, in which rectifier and inverter stations are connected within the same synchronous AC grid, exhibit significantly stronger interactions between the sending and receiving terminals than conventional long-distance HVDC systems. Under fault conditions, disturbances can propagate through both the AC network and the DC control system, resulting in transient characteristics that differ substantially from those of conventional HVDC systems. Existing commutation failure (CF) studies mainly focus on scenarios dominated by single-end voltage disturbances and are insufficient to explain the transient characteristics of CF in EDC systems during the fault recovery stage. Therefore, the CF characteristics of EDC systems considering sending-receiving end interactions are investigated.
An analytical expression of the extinction angle is first derived for EDC systems. The results indicate that the extinction angle is simultaneously affected by the sending-end and receiving-end converter bus voltages, revealing a fundamental characteristic that distinguishes EDC systems from conventional long-distance HVDC systems. Based on this characteristic, a voltage interaction factor (EVIF) is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the interaction strength between the two converter terminals. Furthermore, a DC current variation-rate expression is established to describe the combined effects of voltage recovery and control-system response on the transient behavior of EDC systems during fault recovery.
The transient characteristics under sending-end and receiving-end faults are analyzed. For sending-end faults, the recovery of the sending-end voltage dominates the DC current restoration process. The DC current rises rapidly after fault clearing, leading to a rapid increase in commutation overlap angle and a sharp reduction in extinction angle. Consequently, the recovery-stage CF characteristics are similar to those observed in conventional long-distance HVDC systems. In contrast, under receiving-end faults, synchronous voltage variations occur at both terminals due to strong sending-receiving end interactions. The recovery of receiving-end voltage suppresses the DC current restoration process, resulting in a slower current recovery rate. As a consequence, the inverter remains under constant current (CC) control for an extended duration, and the advance firing angle continuously decreases during the recovery process. When the inverter naturally switches from CC control to constant extinction angle (CEA) control, insufficient advance firing angle margin may trigger CF.
Simulation results based on the CIGRE benchmark HVDC model show that the DC current recovery time to 0.9 pu increases from 2.33 s to 2.46 s under strong interaction conditions. Correspondingly, the advance firing angle at the natural controller switching instant decreases from 42.8° to 37.5°, significantly increasing the risk of CF. Further analysis demonstrates that EVIF decreases monotonically with increasing electrical distance between the converter stations. When the electrical distance is below a critical threshold, sending-receiving end interactions are jointly affected by AC-network coupling and DC control responses, making the transient characteristics highly sensitive to system topology and operating conditions. Statistical analysis under different fault types indicates that receiving-end faults are more likely to induce interaction-dominated CF, whereas sending-end faults mainly exhibit conventional CF characteristics.
Finally, electromagnetic transient simulations under different interaction levels, fault conditions, and control schemes validate the proposed analysis. The results demonstrate that sending-receiving end interactions alter the DC current restoration process and controller switching characteristics during fault recovery, thereby changing the formation mechanism of CF in EDC systems. The proposed EVIF effectively quantifies the interaction strength between converter terminals and provides a useful indicator for analyzing CF characteristics in EDC systems.

Key words： Embedded DC system commutation failure interaction influence fault type characteristic analysis

收稿日期: 2026-02-02

PACS:

TM712

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金资助项目（52377085）

通讯作者: 汤奕男,1977年生,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电力系统稳定分析、电力信息物理系统等。E-mail：tangyi@seu.edu.cn

作者简介: 丁苍璧男,1996年生,博士研究生,研究方向为交直流混联电网规划与运行策略、直流输电系统等。E-mail：dingcangbi26@126.com

引用本文:

丁苍璧, 郑晨一, 汤奕, 张潮海. 计及送受端交互影响的嵌入式直流系统换相失败特性分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 260190-. Ding Cangbi, Zheng Chenyi, Tang Yi, Zhang Chaohai. Characteristic Analysis of Commutation Failure in Embedded DC Systems Considering Sending-Receiving End Interactions. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 260190-.

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