基于端口谐波快速计算模型的高压直挂电池储能系统相内SOC快速均衡控制

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251974

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摘要

高压直挂电池储能系统是支撑大规模新能源消纳的关键技术,其相内荷电状态SOC均衡能力直接影响电池簇安全运行与利用效率。然而针对采用载波移相调制的此类系统,现有相内SOC均衡策略大多未考虑并网电流总谐波畸变率THD的问题,导致系统在均衡过程中以分钟级时间尺度持续向电网注入高幅值谐波电流。为此,首先分析了均衡过程中谐波电流产生机制,并基于子模块叠加基频分量幅值这一关键影响因素,提出并划分了“建议均衡区域”,以指导可调工况下的均衡操作。随后,采用合理谐波次数选择与分段线性化方法,建立了端口谐波快速计算模型,结合并网阻抗在线获取,从而实现单控制周期内并网电流THD的精确计算。在此基础上,设计了考虑并网电流THD约束的均衡系数快速寻优算法。该算法利用收敛误差的设定实现寻优速度与精度之间的平衡,所得均衡系数可确保系统在均衡过程中始终满足THD约束,并以最快速度实现相内SOC均衡。最后,基于10 kV/5 MW/5 MWh仿真模型验证了理论分析的正确性及所提控制策略的有效性。

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关键词 ：高压直挂, 电池储能系统, 相内SOC均衡, 谐波计算, 载波移相

Abstract：

High-voltage transformerless battery energy storage systems (BESS) support large-scale integration of renewable energy, in which intra-phase state of charge (SOC) balancing critically affects battery cluster safety and utilization efficiency. For systems employing carrier phase-shift modulation, the suppression of output current harmonics during the SOC balancing process has not been explicitly considered in existing intra-phase balancing strategies. Since the balancing process typically lasts for several minutes, the resulting harmonic currents may continuously deteriorate grid power quality. To address this issue, a fast intra-phase SOC balancing control strategy incorporating output current total harmonic distortion (THD) constraints is developed, enabling rapid SOC balancing while satisfying grid current quality requirements.
The generation mechanism of harmonic currents during the balancing process is first investigated. Fourier analysis indicates that the output current THD is positively correlated with the amplitude of the fundamental-frequency component superimposed on submodules, and reducing this amplitude by adjusting the balancing coefficient is beneficial for harmonic suppression. In addition, the system operating point also influences the resulting THD. Based on these observations, the concept and boundary conditions of a “recommended balancing region” are defined. When the system operating point is adjustable, constraining balancing actions within this region helps reduce the risk of THD exceedance.
When the system operating point is determined by dispatch commands and cannot be adjusted, an intra-phase SOC balancing strategy subject to THD constraints is formulated. First, a fast calculation model of port harmonics is established by judicious selection of dominant harmonic orders and piecewise linearization of Bessel functions. Harmonic currents generated during the balancing process are utilized for online estimation of grid-side impedance. By combining the fast harmonic model with the estimated impedance, accurate computation of output current THD can be achieved within a single control cycle. Second, a bisection-based optimization algorithm for the balancing coefficient is designed using the real-time THD and a specified THD limit. An adjustable convergence tolerance is employed to balance optimization speed and accuracy. With the optimized balancing coefficient, output current THD remains within prescribed limits throughout the entire intra-phase SOC balancing process, while maintaining high balancing efficiency.
Simulations are conducted on a 10 kV/5 MW/5 MWh system model implemented on the PLECS platform. The proposed fast THD calculation model maintains a relative error below 5% across the considered operating range. Without the proposed optimization algorithm, output current THD reaches 5.33% and 13.96% under different operating conditions, corresponding to more than 200% of the specified limits of 2% and 5%. With the proposed algorithm applied, THD is rapidly reduced to 1.97% and 4.91%, satisfying the corresponding constraints.
Simulation and theoretical analyses confirm: (1) The fundamental-frequency components superimposed on submodules are the key factor influencing the output current THD. (2) When the system's operating point is adjustable, operating within the proposed “recommended balancing region” effectively mitigates the severity of THD exceedance. (3) The proposed fast harmonic calculation model enables accurate online estimation of output current THD during the balancing process. Building on this, the designed balancing coefficient optimization algorithm maximizes the balancing speed while strictly satisfying the constraints on output current quality.

Key words： High-voltage transformerless battery energy storage system intra-phase SOC balancing harmonic calculation carrier phase-shift

收稿日期: 2025-11-18

PACS:	TM46
	TM91

基金资助:

国家重点研发计划资助项目（2024YFB4206900,2024YFB4206903）

通讯作者: 王丰男,1983年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为模化新能源发电技术,配网大功率先进电能变换技术等。E-mail：fengwangee@xjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 文章男,2001年生,博士研究生,研究方向为大容量电池储能系统和直挂型电力电子变压器。E-mail：wz20010107@stu.xjtu.edu.cn

引用本文:

文章, 王丰, 林建彪, 田嘉琛, 卓放. 基于端口谐波快速计算模型的高压直挂电池储能系统相内SOC快速均衡控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 17-. Wen Zhang, Wang Feng, Lin Jianbiao, Tian Jiachen, Zhuo Fang. Fast Intra-phase SOC Balancing Control Based on Port Harmonic Fast Calculation Model for High-voltage Transformerless Battery Energy Storage System. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 17-.

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