基于虚拟电抗的双馈风场接入柔直系统交流线路保护方案

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.242337

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摘要

双馈风场接入柔直系统故障响应复杂多变,突出特征为故障电流幅值低、方向不明确的弱馈性,致使基于工频量的交流线路传统保护失灵频发、可靠性骤降。为此,本文提出一种基于虚拟电抗差异特征的交流线路纵联保护方案。首先,建立了考虑低电压穿越控制（LVRT）策略的双馈风机等效模型与融合换流器控制特性的柔直换流站等效模型,用于刻画风电-柔直系统在故障状态下的真实响应。然后,根据系统故障等值网络,构建了不同故障场景下交流线路两端的虚拟电抗,揭示了双端虚拟电抗在区内外故障下存在显著差异。在此基础上,提出一种基于双端虚拟电抗差方的快速判据。最后,依托RT-LAB半物理实验仿真平台对典型故障场景开展验证,结果表明所提保护方案能准确甄别区内外故障,耐受过渡电阻可达300 Ω,通信需求低,具备较高的灵敏度和适用性。

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关键词 ：双馈风电场, 柔性直流输电系统, 交流线路保护, 纵联保护

Abstract：

With the rapid development of renewable energy in central and western China, the flexible DC system has become a widely adopted solution for long-distance, large-scale power delivery. These systems offer high flexibility and reliability. When doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind farms are integrated into a flexible DC system, the fault response deviates significantly from those of traditional AC systems, especially weak infeed features characterized by low fault current and ambiguous direction. As a result, conventional protection methods based on power-frequency are prone to both maloperation and failure to operate. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a reliable protection scheme suitable for DFIG-based wind farms integrated into a flexible DC system. To address the above issues, this paper proposes a pilot protection scheme based on virtual reactance difference.
Firstly, an equivalent model of the DFIG with low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) control is built. A converter model considering control dynamics is also developed. These models represent the actual response of the DFIG-based wind farms integrated into a flexible DC system during faults. By considering the control strategies of converters and the LVRT behavior of DFIGs at both ends of the AC line during faults, this work improves the accuracy of modeling and enhances the applicability of the proposed scheme in DFIG-based wind farms integrated into a flexible DC system.
Secondly, based on the fault equivalent network, virtual reactance expressions at both ends of the AC line are derived for different fault scenarios. The results reveal distinct differences in virtual reactance between internal and external faults. A high-speed protection criterion is designed using the variance of the virtual reactance at both terminals. The paper also proposes a frequency selection principle for the protection scheme, in which the angular frequency corresponding to the maximum difference in virtual reactance between internal and external faults is selected as the frequency for extracting electrical quantities by the protection device.
Finally, the proposed scheme is tested on the RT-LAB hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform. The results demonstrate that the proposed protection scheme can accurately identify internal and external faults. It also exhibits advantages such as high resistance tolerance, low communication requirements, and high sensitivity.
The conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) The virtual reactance at both terminals of an AC line shows significant differences under internal and external faults. This distinction forms a solid theoretical foundation for fault discrimination and enhances fault identification reliability. (2) The proposed method uses this feature to build a practical pilot protection scheme. It does not rely on power-frequency quantities or high synchronization accuracy. This improves the adaptability of protection under weak fault current infeed. (3) The method provides a reliable solution for AC line protection in DFIG-based wind farms integrated into flexible DC system.

Key words： DFIG-based wind farms flexible DC system AC line protection pilot protection

收稿日期: 2024-12-23

PACS:

TM77

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金重大集成项目资助（U22B6006）

通讯作者: 马静男,1981年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电力系统分析、稳定与控制等。E-mail：hdmajing@163.com

作者简介: 吴怡琳男,2001年生,硕士,研究方向为电力系统控制与保护。E-mail：pauer4558@163.com

引用本文:

马静, 吴怡琳, 徐国杰, 赵玉枫. 基于虚拟电抗的双馈风场接入柔直系统交流线路保护方案[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 258102-258102. Ma Jing, Wu Yilin, Xu Guojie, Zhao Yufeng. A Virtual Reactance-based AC Line Protection Scheme for DFIG-based Wind Farms Connected to a Flexible DC System. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 258102-258102.

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