全固态参数可调脉冲电流源的研制

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.232118

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摘要

针对小负载阻值测量场景,该文提出了一种基于全固态方波脉冲电流源的新测量方法。全固态方波脉冲电流源采用现场可编程逻辑门阵列（FPGA）作为控制系统,使用金属-氧化物半导体场效应晶体管（MOSFET）作为控制开关,该系统采用模块化设计,每个模块包括一个二极管、一个开关和一个电感。开关导通时,电感串联充电;开关断开,电感并联向负载放电。通过仿真验证了该拓扑的正确性和可行性。搭建了实验样机,样机可以在5 Ω负载下产生800 ns灵活可调脉冲电流方波。最后,采用标称为0.05 Ω的小负载进行系统测试,系统测试结果与商用精密电阻测试仪测试结果误差在1.5%以内。

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	董守龙
	赵立胜
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	姚陈果
	余亮

关键词 ：脉冲功率技术, 脉冲恒流源, 小负载测试, 脉冲电流

Abstract：

Pulsed power technology is an electrophysical technology that rapidly compresses energy of low amplitude over a long period of time and releases it to the load side in a short period of time. It is widely used in biomedicine, plasma discharge, electromagnetic catapult and other military and defense fields. Pulsed power technology is widely used in the direction of wide bandwidth and high power. Pulsed power supply is divided into pulsed voltage source and pulsed current source (XRAM). Pulsed voltage source of the form of energy storage for the electric field, energy storage device for the capacitor, which can produce high amplitude narrow pulse width voltage. A pulsed current source stores energy in the form of a magnetic field, and the storage device is an inductor, which generates a high amplitude narrow pulse width current, and the output is in the form of a current. Nowadays, whether semiconductor devices, patch components or contact parts, due to the inherent characteristics of materials and process limitations, they are not ideal components and have certain parasitic parameters. Traditionally, the main methods of small load measurement include Ohm's law method, bridge measurement, impedance analyzer measurement and so on, which should avoid the problem of resistance change due to temperature rise in the process of application. The pulse current source proposed in this paper uses FPGA as the controller, MOSFET as the control switch, the pulse width is flexible and adjustable, and the output waveform is a square wave pulse.
Firstly, in order to facilitate the elucidation of its operation, a four-stage pulse current source is illustrated in this paper. The circuit uses a MOSFET as the main switch, and the pulse-forming circuit includes a switch, an inductor, and two diodes for each stage of the module. Mode 1 is the charging phase: all switches are on and the pulse source operates in charging mode. The DC voltage source charges the inductor in series, all diodes are in cutoff state in this charging phase. Mode 2 is the discharge phase: all switches are off and the pulse source operates in the discharge mode. The inductor current flows through the diode to the load resistor, so the current on the load resistor will be superimposed on the current of the 4 inductors. This results in a superposition of currents.
A simulation circuit model of a pulsed current source containing 5 stages is constructed in this study to verify the principle of the aforementioned pulsed current source. The output current is 120 A, the top drop is 0.95, the load is set to 50 ohms, and the maximum pulse width is 1 μs. By controlling the on and off times of the switches in the pulsed-current source, a typical pulsed-current source waveform can be generated. The relationship between the statistical charging voltage and the pulse current is calculated to further verify the linear relationship between the two. The results of the simulation are basically consistent with the theory in subsection 1, which verifies the correctness of the theory of this topology.
The circuit fundamentals of the pulsed current source are verified by simulation in the second subsection, and the topology of the circuit is further verified in practice in the third subsection of this paper using the constructed experimental platform. In this experiment, a five-stage miniaturized prototype of the pulsed current source is developed, and each stage module includes an energy storage inductor, two diodes, a MOSFET switch, an isolated power supply module, and the corresponding driving circuit. The development of this prototype and the comparative measurement experiments with loads effectively verify the basic theory and simulation analysis discussed in the paper, and the topology proposed in this study can be used to perform measurements with small loads. In addition, its modular design enhances the expansion capability, which can be used to realize the measurement of smaller grade resistance values by increasing the number of stages and adjusting the input current.
Ultimately, the paper verifies that this pulsed current source topology is capable of achieving stable constant current output through simulation and prototype development. The pulsed-current source can output a flexible and adjustable pulsed-current waveform of up to 800ns under a load condition of 5 Ω. Tested by a small load labeled as 0.05Ω, the test results are compared with a commercial precision resistance tester, and the error does not exceed 1.5%, indicating that the pulse current source has a good application prospect in the field of small load testing. The topology is simple, the system is stable, and the modular design can measure smaller loads by increasing the number of stages.

Key words： pulsed power technology pulsed constant current generator small load test pulsed current

收稿日期: 2023-12-20

PACS:

TN78

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金重点项目（52237010）和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2023CDJYGRH-ZD04, 2020CDJYGDQ008）资助

作者简介: 董守龙男,1989年生,副教授,研究方向为脉冲功率技术及其应用、电气设备在线监测与故障诊断技术、生物医学中的电工新技术等。赵立胜男,1995年生,博士研究生,研究方向为脉冲功率技术及其应用、生物医学中的电工新技术等。

引用本文:

董守龙, 赵立胜, 项思哲, 姚陈果, 余亮. 全固态参数可调脉冲电流源的研制[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 2492902-2492902. Dong Shoulong, Zhao Lisheng, Xiang Sizhe, Yao Chenguo, Yu Liang. Development of an All-Solid-State Pulse Current Generator with Adjustable Parameters. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 2492902-2492902.

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