Abstract:The ion flow field under ultra high voltage direct current (UHVDC) transmission lines is one of the important evaluation indicators for electromagnetic environment. Wind speed, as one of the most common and influential factors, has obvious regional characteristics. At present, scholars often use constant wind speed to replace natural wind speed, which can easily lead to the following two problems. One is the waste of resources, as the local wind speed used in the calculation is not necessarily as high as possible. Every 1 m increase in the height of the line installation will significantly increase the total project cost. Secondly, it is inconsistent with the actual situation. Due to the relationship between wind speed and height, there is a gradient relationship on the near ground side. Therefore, the impact of wind speed changes in the vertical direction on the ion flow field should be considered. In view of this, this paper proposes a numerical simulation method of transmission line ion flow field based on wind speed probability distribution and wind shear exponent. The calculation method is divided into two parts: wind speed calculation and ion flow field calculation. This method builds a Weibull wind speed probability distribution function model based on the wind speed data of the region to be calculated, and selects the critical wind speed with the max wind speed data within 95% as the reference value. It considers the installation height of the wind speed sensor, and calculates the wind speed distribution at different heights according to the wind shear exponent, as the wind speed input at different height nodes in the calculation of the ion flow field. The accuracy of the calculation model after the introduction of wind shear exponent is verified through outdoor tests. The voltage level is ±800 kV, the conductor is 6-split, the radius of the sub conductor is 1.68 cm, the cross-sectional area of the sub conductor is 630 mm2, the height of the conductor to the ground is 16.5 m, the pole spacing is 22 m, the altitude is about 2 000 m, and the weather is sunny. The wind speed measurement point is 1m above the ground, and the wind speed is maintained between 0.5~1 m/s. A total of 9 measurement points are arranged below the line. Due to the high altitude region, this article also corrected the parameters such as the corona field strength, ion mobility, and recombination coefficient. Compared with the traditional wind speed model, after the introduction of the wind shear exponent, the errors between the ion current density and the total electric field strength decreased by 16.2% and 3.8%, respectively. The results show that the method is more consistent with the actual distribution. Taking the actual operating ±800 kV UHVDC transmission line in Kunming area as an example, this method was used for calculation. First, to calculate the wind speed. The parameters of Weibull probability density distribution function in Kunming area obtained by fitting are: α=3.5, β=3.172, δ=0. The critical maximum wind speed within the 95% wind speed range of the probability distribution curve is calculated to be 4.36 m/s. Combined with the height above the ground of the wind speed sensor, the wind shear exponent is used to calculate the wind speed at each node in the solution field as the input of the ion flow field calculation. At the same time, this paper also provides calculated values for different heights as a comparison. The results show that, under the condition that the total electric field strength meets the standard, the minimum height of the conductor could be 20 m, which has a significant margin difference from the actual height of 27.5 m used in the actual line section. In summary, the method proposed in this paper can specifically consider the impact of wind speed in the area where the line is located, provide a reference basis for the design of the line to ground height under the safety limit of the total electric field, especially in areas with high sea level and high wind speed.
岳国华, 杜志叶, 蔡泓威, 修连成. 基于风速概率分布与风切变指数的直流输电线路离子流场数值模拟方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(9): 2907-2915.
Yue Guohua, Du Zhiye, Cai Hongwei, Xiu Liancheng. Numerical Simulation Method of Ion Flow Field in DC Transmission Line Based on Wind Speed Probability Distribution and Wind Shear Exponent. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(9): 2907-2915.
[1] 刘其辉, 逄思敏, 吴林林, 等. 大规模风电汇集系统电压不平衡机理、因素及影响规律[J] 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(21): 5435-5450. Liu Qihui, Pang Simin, Wu Linlin, et al.The mechanism, factors and influence rules of voltage imbalance in wind power integration areas[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(21): 5435-5450. [2] 张海兵, 吴海涛, 胡琴, 等. 架空输电线路可听噪声问题综述[J]. 高压电器, 2022, 58(5): 1-6. Zhang Haibing, Wu Haitao, Hu Qin, et al.Review of audible noise of overhead transmission lines[J]. High Voltage Apparatus, 2022, 58(5): 1-6. [3] 申南轩, 苏子寒, 张远航, 等. 湿度对悬浮液滴荷电特性及离子流场特性的影响[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(13): 3422-3430, 3452. Shen Nanxuan, Su Zihan, Zhang Yuanhang, et al.Influence of humidity on the charge characteristics of suspension droplets and the characteristics of ion flow field[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(13): 3422-3430, 3452. [4] 程启问, 万保权, 张建功, 等. 基于误差传递方程的离子流场迎风有限元高精度计算方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(21): 4432-4438. Cheng Qiwen, Wan Baoquan, Zhang Jiangong, et al.A highly accurate upwind finite element method for ion-flow field based on the error transport equation[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(21): 4432-4438. [5] 汪沨, 范竞敏, 李敏, 等. 高精度上流有限元法在特高压直流输电线路离子流场计算中的应用[J]. 高电压技术, 2016, 42(4): 1061-1067. Wang Feng, Fan Jingmin, Li Min, et al.Application of the high precision upstream FEM to calculation of the ionized field of HVDC transmission line[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2016, 42(4): 1061-1067. [6] 修连成, 杜志叶, 岳国华, 等. 特高压直流输电线路离子流场快速稳定计算方法[J]. 南方电网技术, 2021, 15(10): 80-86. Xiu Liancheng, Du Zhiye, Yue Guohua, et al.Fast and stable calculation method for ion flow field of UHVDC power transmission lines[J]. Southern Power System Technology, 2021, 15(10): 80-86. [7] 乔骥, 路遥, 刘增训, 等. 横向风对特高压交直流混合线路地面电场与离子流场分布特性的影响[J]. 电网技术, 2018, 42(4): 1234-1240. Qiao Ji, Lu Yao, Liu Zengxun, et al.Influence of transverse wind on ground-level electric field and ion flow profiles of hybrid HVAC/HVDC transmission lines[J]. Power System Technology, 2018, 42(4): 1234-1240. [8] 张建功, 万保权, 程启问, 等. 一种高效鲁棒的低阶迭代通量线方法求解高压直流输电线路离子流场[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(8): 1718-1725. Zhang Jiangong, Wan Baoquan, Cheng Qiwen, et al.An efficient and robust low-order iterative flux tracing method for calculating ion flow field of HVDC transmission lines[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(8): 1718-1725. [9] 曲延禄, 阎书源, 张程道. 我国地面气温极值和地面风速极值的渐近分布[J]. 气象学报, 1988, 46(2): 187-193. Qu Yanlu, Yan Shuyuan, Zhang Chengdao.On asymptotic distributions for extremes of surface temperature and surface wind over China[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 1988, 46(2): 187-193. [10] Carta J A, Ramírez P.Analysis of two-component mixture Weibull statistics for estimation of wind speed distributions[J]. Renewable Energy, 2007, 32(3): 518-531. [11] 温华洋, 朱华亮, 刘壮, 等. 基于三参数Weibull分布的安徽省年最大风速均一性检验[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2021, 37(2): 77-83. Wen Huayang, Zhu Hualiang, Liu Zhuang, et al.A homogeneity test for annual maximum wind speed based on three-parameter Weibull distribution[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2021, 37(2): 77-83. [12] 王文新, 陈可欣, 白杨, 等. 基于实测数据的呼和浩特近郊风速分布模型对比研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2021, 42(9): 370-376. Wang Wenxin, Chen Kexin, Bai Yang, et al.Comparative study on wind speed distribution models of Hohhot suburb based on measured data[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2021, 42(9): 370-376. [13] 丁明, 吴义纯, 张立军. 风电场风速概率分布参数计算方法的研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2005, 25(10): 107-110. Ding Ming, Wu Yichun, Zhang Lijun.Study on the algorithm to the probabilistic distribution parameters of wind speed in wind farms[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2005, 25(10): 107-110. [14] 陈练, 李栋梁, 吴洪宝. 中国风速概率分布及在风能评估中的应用[J]. 太阳能学报, 2010, 31(9): 1209-1214. Chen Lian, Li Dongliang, Wu Hongbao.The probability distribution of wind speed and its application in estimation of wind energy in China[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2010, 31(9): 1209-1214. [15] 潘晓春. 风速概率分布参数估计的低阶概率权重矩法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2012, 32(5): 131-136. Pan Xiaochun.Low-order probability-weighted moments method for wind speed probability distribution parameter estimation[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2012, 32(5): 131-136. [16] 杜雄, 李高显, 刘洪纪, 等. 风速概率分布对风电变流器中功率器件寿命的影响[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(15): 109-117. Du Xiong, Li Gaoxian, Liu Hongji, et al.Effect of wind speed probability distribution on lifetime of power semiconductors in the wind power converters[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(15): 109-117. [17] 汪沨, 李敏, 吕建红, 等. 风速对特高压直流输电线路离子流场分布的影响[J]. 高电压技术, 2016, 42(9): 2897-2901. Wang Feng, Li Min, Lü Jianhong, et al.Effect of wind speed on ion flow field under UHVDC transmission lines[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2016, 42(9): 2897-2901. [18] Du Zhiye, Xiu Liancheng, He Jingxuan, et al.Computation of total electric field considering natural wind under high-altitude UHVDC transmission lines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2022, 58(9): 1-4. [19] 黄洁亭. 不同气象地形条件下风速概率分布模型研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2014. Huang Jieting.Research on wind speed probability distribution models under different weather and terrain conditions[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2014. [20] 中华人民共和国生态环境部, 国家市场监督管理总局. 直流输电工程合成电场限值及其监测方法: GB 39220—2020[S]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2020. [21] 黄国栋, 阮江军, 杜志叶, 等. 改进三维上流元法计算特高压直流线路离子流场(英文)[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33(33): 19, 152-159. Huang Guodong, Ruan Jiangjun, Du Zhiye, et al. Improved 3-D upwind FEM for solving ionized field of HVDC transmission lines[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2013, 33(33): 19, 152-159. [22] 卢铁兵, 申南轩, 苏子寒, 等. 计及海拔、湿度和颗粒物影响的高压直流输电线路离子流场特性研究综述[J]. 南方电网技术, 2021, 15(10): 46-58. Lu Tiebing, Shen Nanxuan, Su Zihan, et al.Review of researches on ion flow field characteristics of HVDC transmission lines considering altitude, humidity and particulate matter[J]. Southern Power System Technology, 2021, 15(10): 46-58. [23] 余峰. 高压直流输电线下合成场强及离子流密度的计算[D]. 北京: 中国电力科学研究院, 1998. Yu Feng.Calculation of total field strength and ion density under HVDC transmission lines[D]. Beijing: China Electric Power Research Institute, 1998. [24] 杨燕妮, 吕静. 昆明风场特征与风能资源分析评估[J]. 城市建设理论研究(电子版), 2020(4): 26.