计及冷负荷启动时变特性的弹性配电网供电恢复方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.232013

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摘要

极端灾害事件引发配电网停电后,利用分布式电源构建孤岛微电网恢复重要负荷供电,能有效提升配电网弹性。现有研究在制定配电网供电恢复策略时大都采用恒定负载模型,未考虑冷负荷启动时负载峰值引起的三相电流不平衡,无法保证孤岛微电网的安全运行。该文提出一种计及冷负荷启动时变特性的弹性配电网供电恢复方法。首先,考虑冷负荷启动特性与停电时间之间的关系,建立与时间相关的冷负荷启动模型,并通过采样法生成负荷功率需求曲线。在此基础上,以加权负荷恢复量最大为目标,考虑微电网功率平衡、电流不平衡度等约束,建立协同区域划分、恢复路径和负荷投运时序的配电网供电恢复模型。进一步对模型进行线性化处理,将其转化为混合整数规划问题进行求解。采用IEEE37节点配电系统,对所提方法的有效性进行了验证。

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关键词 ：弹性配电网, 供电恢复, 微电网, 电流不平衡度, 冷负荷启动

Abstract：

When an outage occurs in the distribution system due to extreme disaster events, the distributed generators are used to form microgrids and restore critical loads, which is essential for reducing outage duration and enhancing the resilience of distribution systems. The existing work utilizes the constant load model when designing the service restoration (SR) schemes. However, the ignorance of current unbalance caused by load peak when picking up cold loads may threaten the security of microgrids. Recently, SR approaches considering the cold load pickup (CLPU) were presented to ensure the supply-demand balance when restoring the distribution systems, but most of them simply assumed the system is three-phase balanced. This was insufficient to ensure a successful restoration because the violation of current unbalance factor may lead to the cut-off of distributed generators in microgrids. To address this issue, this paper proposed a SR method for three-phase unbalanced distribution systems considering the time-varying characteristic of CLPU. By restricting the current unbalance factor during the SR process, the security and reliability of microgrids can be improved.
First, a time-dependent CLPU model was formulated when considering the relationship between CLPU characteristic and outage duration, and the sampling method was used to generate load demand profiles. Then, considering the constraints such as power balance constraint and current unbalance factor constraint, a SR model was formulated to maximize the amount of load restoration. Next, nonlinear constraints in the original model were linearized to facilitate the solution. The main differences between the proposed SR model and those in existing literature lie in the current unbalance factor constraints, by which the load pickup sequence at each phase is optimized to reduce the current unbalance of distributed generators. In addition, zone sectionalization, restoration paths, and load pickup sequences were jointly optimized to enhance the effectiveness of the microgrid-based SR scheme.
Simulation results on the modified IEEE-37 node distribution system show that, after the event strikes, two microgrids are sequentially formed to restore the critical loads. Specifically, the black-start units are used to crank the non-black start units, and the line switches are closed orderly to extend the microgrids. The total generation of power sources in one MG is equal to the total amount of load consumption for each time step. The comparison with the SR method using constant load model shows that, the consideration of CLPU can improve the security of microgrid by restricting the current unbalance factor. The comparison with the SR method using traditional delayed exponential-based CLPU model shows that, the proposed time-dependent CLPU model can reduce the conservation of SR schemes. Comparison of different operation methods shows that, the utilization rate of the distributed generator for method with/without considering optimal microgrid topology is 100% and 85.5%, respectively.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation analysis: 1) Compared with traditional distribution system SR method, considering the CLPU characteristics can reduce the current unbalance factor, thereby enhancing the security and reliability of microgrids during the SR process. 2) The proposed model considers the relationship between CLPU characteristic and outage duration. Compared with the traditional CLPU model, a less conservative scheduling strategy can be obtained. 3) The proposed model jointly optimizes the network topology and restoration sequences. Therefore, more flexible MG topology can be obtained to satisfy the supply-and-demand balance and more critical loads can be supplied.

Key words： Resilient distribution system service restoration microgrid current unbalance factor CLPU

收稿日期: 2023-12-04

PACS:

TM73

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（ 52177090）和中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（ 30923010301）资助项目

通讯作者: 谢云云男,1985年生,副教授,研究方向极端条件下电力系统运行与控制、新能源黑启动等。E-mail：xyy_njust@163.com

作者简介: 蔡胜男,1994年生,博士,研究方向极端条件下电力系统运行与控制。E-mail：cs@njust.edu.cn

引用本文:

蔡胜, 徐振钦, 谢云云, 丁波, 仉梦林. 计及冷负荷启动时变特性的弹性配电网供电恢复方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 0(0): 10-. Cai Sheng, Xu Zhenqin, Xie Yunyun, Ding Bo, Zhang Menlin. A Service Restoration Method for Resilient Distribution Systems Considering Time-Varying Characteristic of Cold Load Pickup. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 0(0): 10-.

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