基于一体化电磁骚扰传导模型的开关柜微机保护装置电磁干扰滤波器设计

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230561

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摘要

为解决高压开关柜断路器在海上风电场等场景下频繁操作产生的电磁干扰问题,分析其电磁骚扰传导过程,并设计合理的抗干扰措施以提高微机保护装置的电磁兼容水平,该文提出一种高压开关柜一体化电磁骚扰传导仿真模型,针对断路器开断电磁骚扰设计了电磁干扰（EMI）滤波器并验证其性能。首先以KYN61—40.5型开关柜真空断路器为例,建立其电磁骚扰一体化仿真模型,通过试验与仿真获得断路器开断电磁骚扰的特征;然后根据该特征设计了基于定K型和m推演的EMI滤波器并验证其性能。研究结果表明,微机保护装置电流测量端口的骚扰电压主导频率约为312 kHz,一体化电磁骚扰传导仿真模型仿真结果与试验结果最大相对误差为9.8%,表明该模型可用于电磁骚扰传导过程的仿真;该文设计的EMI滤波器的陷波频率与理论设计值的最大相对误差为-8.8%,接入EMI滤波器后骚扰电压下降93.94%,持续时间下降71.41%。研究成果可为高压开关柜微机保护装置的电磁骚扰传导过程分析和电磁兼容水平提升提供参考。

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关键词 ：高压开关柜, 电磁骚扰, 电磁兼容, 低通滤波器, 一体化传导模型

Abstract：

In scenarios such as offshore wind farms and distributed intelligent power distribution networks, the stochastic fluctuations of new energy output, electric vehicle charging and discharging, and energy storage equipment cause the power grid to frequently suffer from electromagnetic transient impact. To ensure the safety of key equipment such as transformers and power electronic devices, it is necessary to fastly interrupt faulty devices or lines. As a result, high-voltage switchgear circuit breakers frequently operate, causing a large amount of electromagnetic interference, leading to a serious threat to secondary equipment.
The source of electromagnetic interference during the interruption of high-voltage switchgear is the vacuum circuit breaker, and the disturbed devices are intelligent electronic devices. The electromagnetic interference mainly had three transmission paths, involving devices including the vacuum circuit breaker and its distributed capacitance, current transformers, secondary cables, intelligent electronic device (IED), and ground grid. To accurately analyze the impact of the disturbance voltage generated by the breaker's interruption on the IED's port, it was necessary to study the complete process of electromagnetic interference conduction. However, in actual power systems, the switchgear can operate under various conditions, making systematic electromagnetic interference tests difficult. Therefore, the electromagnetic transient simulation could be used to analyze the characteristics and conduction process of the breaker’s interruption. The paper took the KYN61-40.5 high-voltage switchgear as an example and established the integrated electromagnetic disturbance conduction model through the finite element simulation and sweep frequency methods. The test and simulation results showed that the simulated wave amplitude, dominant frequency, and duration of the breaker's primary side voltage were 342 V, 312 kHz, and 59.2 μs, respectively. The maximum relative error compared with the experimental results was 6.0%, and the waveform shape was quite close. The amplitude, dominant frequency, and duration of the simulated disturbance voltage of the microcomputer protection device current measurement port were 7.8 V, 282.2 kHz, and 47.1 μs, respectively, with the maximum relative error of the amplitude being 9.8%. The experimental and simulation results verified the accuracy of the integrated electromagnetic interference conduction simulation model.
The EMI filter is a device used to suppress electromagnetic interference and can effectively enhance the electromagnetic compatibility of sensitive devices such as IEDs. The low-pass EMI filter designed in this paper was composed of a 3rd order constant K filter and two m-derived filters in series, which a cut-off frequency is 100kHz and notch frequencies are 125 kHz and 310 kHz. The disturbance voltage amplitude dropped by 30 dB at the notch frequencies. The parameters of each component were determined according to the design methods of the constant K filter and m-derived filters, and the EMI filter was built by typical inductance and capacitance. The electromagnetic interference waveform was input into the EMI filter, and the disturbance voltage amplitude dropped from 7.1 V to 0.43 V, a relative decrease of 93.94%, and the duration dropped from 50.8 μs to 14.52 μs, a relative decrease of 71.41%. This shows that the EMI filter designed in this paper has a good protective effect against the electromagnetic interference caused by the interruption of the circuit breaker, meeting the design requirements. The research results of this paper can provide a reference for the analysis of the electromagnetic interference conduction process and the improvement of the electromagnetic compatibility level of the IEDs of the high-voltage switchgear.

Key words： High voltage switchgear electromagnetic disturbance electromagnetic compatibility low-pass filter integrated conduction model

收稿日期: 2023-04-25

PACS:

TM154.3

基金资助:

国家重点研发计划资助项目（2017YFB0902400）

通讯作者: 黄道春男,1976年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为高压输变电设备绝缘失效机理与风险评估、高压输变电设备状态智能感知与智能运维。E-mail：huangdc99@163.com

作者简介: 王华清男,1994年生,博士研究生,研究方向为开关设备与绝缘技术。E-mail：237522104@qq.com

引用本文:

王华清, 黄道春, 双明镜, 毕吉禹, 罗瑞杰. 基于一体化电磁骚扰传导模型的开关柜微机保护装置电磁干扰滤波器设计[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 230561-230561. Wang Huaqing, Huang Daochun, Shuang Mingjing, Bi Jiyu, Luo Ruijie. Design of EMI Filter for Microcomputer Protection Device of Switchgear Based on Integrated Electromagnetic Disturbance Conduction Model. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 230561-230561.

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