Abstract：Starting from the theoretical analysis of electromagnetic compatibility, this paper firstly introduces the current modeling method of electromagnetic environment of WPT system. Then it probes into the compatibility and security of electromagnetic environment of WPT system from the following two perspective: the influence of external environment on WPT system and the influence of WPT system on external environment. In order to effectively suppress the electromagnetic interference effects of WPT system, the electromagnetic shielding technology and the spread spectrum technology, which are representative at present, are reviewed in detail. Finally, according to the current application requirements and research status of WPT system, the future is presented from the prospects of the electromagnetic compatibility problems in mechanism analysis, medium impact, ubiquitous WPT system and dynamic WPT system.
沈栋, 杜贵平, 丘东元, 张波. 无线电能传输系统电磁兼容研究现况及发展趋势[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(13): 2855-2869.
Shen Dong, Du Guiping, Qiu Dongyuan, Zhang Bo. Research Status and Development Trend of Electromagnetic Compatibility of Wireless Power Transmission System. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(13): 2855-2869.
[1] 黄学良, 王维, 谭林林. 磁耦合谐振式无线电能传输技术研究动态与应用展望[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2017, 41(2): 2-14, 141. Huang Xueliang, Wang Wei, Tan Linlin.Technical progress and application development of magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transfer[J]. Auto- mation of Electric Power Systems, 2017, 41(2): 2-14, 141. [2] Hirayama H, Ozawa T, Hiraiwa Y, et al.A con- sideration of electro-magnetic-resonant coupling mode in wireless power transmission[J]. IEICE Electronics Express, 2009, 6(19): 1421-1425. [3] Hirayama H, Amano T, Kikuma N, et al.A consideration of open and short-end type helical antennas for magnetic-coupled resonant wireless power transfer[C]//6th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Prague, 2012: 3009-3013. [4] Scarciotti Giordano, Astolfi Alessandro.Moment based discontinuous phasor transform and its application to the steady-state analysis of inverters and wireless power transfer systems[J]. IEEE Transa- ctions on Power Electronics, 2016, 31(12): 8448-8460. [5] Nadakuduti Jagadish, Douglas Mark, Lu Lin, et al.Compliance testing methodology for wireless power transfer systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2015, 30(11): 6264-6273. [6] Christ Andreas, Douglas Mark G, Roman John M, et al.Evaluation of wireless resonant power transfer systems with human electromagnetic exposure limits[J]. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, 2013, 55(2): 265-274. [7] Kim Minhyuk, Park SangWook, Jung Hyun-Kyo. Numerical method for exposure assessment of wireless power transmission under low-frequency band[J]. Journal of Magnetics, 2016, 21(3): 442-449. [8] Sang Wook Park, Wake K, Watanabe S.Investigation of numerical methods and dosimetry for a wireless power transfer system using electromagnetic resonance[C]//2012 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC EUROPE 2012), Rome, 2012: 4. [9] Feliziani M, De Santis V.Magnetic field analysis and lumped inductance extraction for wireless power transfer in implanted medical devices[C]//Asia- Pacific EMC Symp, Korea, 2011: 16-19. [10] Laakso Ilkka, Tsuchida Shogo, Hirata Akimasa, et al.Evaluation of SAR in a human body model due to wireless power transmission in the 10 MHz band[J]. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2012, 57(15): 4991-5002. [11] Hirata A, Tsuchida S, Laakso I.Variability of SAR in different human models due to wireless power transfer with magnetic resonance[C]//2013 Inter- national Symposium on Electromagnetic Com- patibility (EMC Europe 2013), Brugge, 2013: 89-92. [12] Hirata Akimasa, Ito Fumihiro, Laakso Ilkka.Confirmation of quasi-static approximation in SAR evaluation for a wireless power transfer system[J]. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2013, 58(17): 241-249. [13] Hirata Akimasa, Sunohara Tetsu, Laakso Ilkka, et al.SAR in a simplified human model due to wireless power transfer with induction coupling[C]//7th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Gothenburg, 2013: 1769-1772. [14] 马中原, 廖承林, 王丽芳. 金属异物对电动汽车无线充电系统影响分析[J]. 电工电能新技术, 2017, 36(2): 14-20. Ma Zhongyuan, Liao Chenglin, Wang Lifang.Analysis of metal foreign object setting on electric vehicle wireless power transfer system[J]. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy, 2017, 36(2): 14-20. [15] 吴旭升, 孙盼, 杨深钦, 等. 水下无线电能传输技术及应用研究综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 38(8): 1559-1568. Wu Xusheng, Sun Pan, Yang Shenqin, et al.Review on underwater wireless power transfer technology and its application[J]. Transactions of China Elec- trotechnical Society, 2019, 38(8): 1559-1568. [16] 陈琛. 谐振式无线电能传输系统的若干电磁问题研究及优化设计[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2016. [17] Gao Wei, Yang Shenqin, Gao Jianxin, et al.Magnetic field distribution in coupled coils of a wireless power transfer device in sea water[C]//International Work- shop on Computing, Electromagnetics, and Machine Intelligence (CEMi), Stellenbosch, 2018: 87-88. [18] Chung Yoon Do, Park Eun Young, Lee Woo Seung, et al.Impact investigations and characteristics by strong electromagnetic field of wireless power charging system for electric vehicle under air and water exposure indexes[J]. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2018, 28(3): 3600905. [19] Zhang Pengcheng, Yang Qingxin, Zhang Xian, et al.Comparative study of metal obstacle variations in disturbing wireless power transmission system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2017, 53(6): 9100304. [20] International commission on non-ionizing radiation protection. guidelines for limiting exposure to time- varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300GHz)[S]. Health Physics, 1998. [21] Ticaud N, Kohler S, Jarrige P, et al.Specific absorption rate assessment using simultaneous electric field and temperature measurements[J]. IEEE Antennas & Wireless Propagation Letters, 2012, 11(1): 252-255. [22] 陈琛, 黄学良, 谭林林, 等. 电动汽车无线充电时的电磁环境及安全评估[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(19): 61-67. Chen Chen, Huang Xueliang, Tan Linlin, et al.Electromagnetic environment and security evaluation for wireless charging of electric vehicles[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(19): 61-67. [23] 李海燕, 逯迈, 董绪伟. 纯电动汽车典型无线充电线圈电磁暴露安全评估研究[J]. 电工电能新技术: 1-8 [2019-05-08]. 纯电动汽车典型无线充电线圈电磁暴露安全评估研究[J]. 电工电能新技术: 1-8 [2019-05-08]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11. 2283.tm.20181130.1814.014.html. Li Haiyan, Lu Mai, Dong Xuwei.Research on electromagnetic exposure safety assessment of typical wireless charging coil for battery electric vehicle[J]. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy: 1-8 [2019-05-08]. Research on electromagnetic exposure safety assessment of typical wireless charging coil for battery electric vehicle[J]. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy: 1-8 [2019-05-08]. http:// kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2283.tm.20181130.1814.014.html. [24] 徐桂芝, 李晨曦, 赵军, 等. 电动汽车无线充电电磁环境安全性研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32(22): 152-157. Xu Guizhi, Li Chenxi, Zhao Jun, et al.Electro- magnetic enrironment safety study of wireless electric vehicle charging[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(22): 152-157. [25] 赵军, 李乃良, 王磊, 等. 电动汽车无线充电系统对人体及体内植入器件电磁安全研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(增刊1): 26-33. Zhao Jun, Li Nailiang, Wang Lei, et al.An electromagnetic safety study about human body and body implanted device in electric vehicle wireless charging system[J]. Transactions of China Electro- technical Society, 2018, 33(S1): 26-33. [26] Barretto E C S, Chavannes N, Douglas M. Challenges in safety and compliance assessment in wireless power transfer applications using numerical analysis : guidelines and solutions[C]//10th European Con- ference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Davos, 2016: 5. [27] Wang Quandi, Li Wanlu, Kang Jianwei, et al.Electromagnetic safety of magnetic resonant wireless charging system in electric vehicles[C]//IEEE-PELS Workshop on Emerging Technologies-Wireless Power Transfer (WoW), Chongqing, 2017: 245-248. [28] Campi T, Cruciani S, De Santis V, et al.EMC and EMF safety issues in wireless charging system for an electric vehicle (EV)[C]//International Conference of Electrical and Electronic Technologies for Automotive (AUTO MOTIVE), Turin, 2017: 4. [29] Park Sangwook.Evaluation of electromagnetic exposure during 85kHz wireless power transfer for electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2018, 54(1): 5100208. [30] Hochmair E S.System optimization for improved accuracy in transcutaneous signal and power trans- mission[J]. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engin- eering, 1984, 31(2): 177-186. [31] Kim Sanghoek, Ho John S, Poon Ada S Y. Wireless power transfer to miniature implants:transmitter optimization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2012, 60(10): 4838-4845. [32] 赵军, 徐桂芝, 张超, 等. 磁耦合谐振无线能量传输系统头部植入线圈对人体头部电磁辐射影响的研究[J]. 中国生物医学工程学报, 2012, 31(5): 649-654. Zhao Jun, Xu Guizhi, Zhang Chao, et al.Electro- magnetic radiation to head from head implantable coil powered via magnetic coupling resonance wireless energy transmission[J]. Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2012, 31(5): 649-654. [33] 宫飞翔, 魏志强, 丛艳平, 等. 植入式医疗设备电磁共振无线能量传输系统天线对人体电磁辐射安全影响的研究[J]. 中国生物医学工程学报, 2016, 35(4): 497-501. Gong Feixiang, Wei Zhiqiang, Cong Yanping, et al.Research on the effects of antenna electromagnetic radiation to human body safety for implantable medical device wireless energy transmission system based on magnetic resonance[J]. Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2016, 35(4): 497-501. [34] 辛文辉, 颜国正, 王文兴. 胶囊内窥镜无线能量传输系统的人体安全性研究[J]. 中国生物医学工程学报, 2009, 28(5): 719-724. Xin Wenhui, Yan Guozheng, Wang Wenxing.Study on human safety in wireless power transmission system for capsule endoscopy[J]. Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2009, 28(5): 719-724. [35] 贾智伟, 颜国正, 石煜, 等. 基于生物安全性的无线能量传输系统接收线圈优化设计[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2012, 46(7): 1127-1131. Jia Zhiwei, Yan Guozheng, Shi Yu, et al.Optimi- zation design of transmitting coils in the wireless power transmission based on human tissue safety[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2012, 46(7): 1127-1131. [36] Kim Jiseong, Kim Jonghoon, Kong Sunkyu, et al.Coil design and shielding methods for a magnetic resonant wireless power transfer system[J]. Pro- ceedings of the IEEE, 2013, 101(6): 1332-1342. [37] Jonghoon Kim, Hongseok Kim, Chiuk Song, et al.Electromagnetic interference and radiation from wireless power transfer systems[C]//2014 IEEE Inter- national Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC), Raleigh, 2014: 171-176. [38] 张献, 章鹏程, 杨庆新, 等. 基于有限元方法的电动汽车无线充电耦合机构的磁屏蔽设计与分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2016, 31(1): 71-79. Zhang Xian, Zhang Pengcheng, Yang Qingxin, et al.Magnetic shielding design and analysis for wireless charging coupler of electric vehicles based on finite element method[J]. Transactions of China Electro- technical Society, 2016, 31(1): 71-79. [39] Onar Omer C, Campbell Steven L, Seiber Larry E, et al.A high-power wireless charging system development and integration for a toyota RAV4 electric vehicle[C]// IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC), Dearborn, 2016: 8. [40] Knaisch Katharina, Springmann Markus, Gratzfeld Peter.Comparison of coil topologies for inductive power transfer under the influence of ferrite and aluminum[C]//11th International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER), MONACO, 2016: 9. [41] Dolara A, Leva S, Longo M, et al.Coil design and magnetic shielding of a resonant wireless power transfer system for electric vehicle battery charging[C]//6th IEEE International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA), San Diego, 2017: 200-205. [42] Masuda Mitsuru, Kusunoki Masahiro, Umegami Hirokatsu, et al.Reduce of electric ner-field intensity by a shield box in wireless power transfer via field resinance coupling[C]//IEEE International Telecom- munications Energy Conference (INTELEC), Namba, 2015: 1-4. [43] 朱庆伟, 陈德清, 王丽芳, 等. 电动汽车无线充电系统磁场仿真与屏蔽技术研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(增刊1): 143-147. Zhu Qingwei, Chen Deqing, Wang Lifang, et al.Study on the magnetic field and shielding technique for an electric vehicle oriented wireless charging system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(S1): 143-147. [44] Narusue Yoshiaki, Kawahara Yoshihiro, Asami Tohru.Cancellation mechanism of electromagnetic leakage for wireless power transmission system based on magnetic resonant coupling[C]//Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, Sendai, 2014: 677-679. [45] Choi Su Y, Gu Beom W, Lee Sung W, et al.Generalized active EMF cancel methods for wireless electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2014, 29(11): 5770-5783. [46] Lee Sungwoo, Lee Wooyoung, Huh Jin, et al.Active EMF cancellation method for I-type pick-up of on-line electric vehicles[C]//26th Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Fort Worth, 2011: 1980-1983. [47] Kim Seonghwan, Park Hyun-Ho, Kim Jonghoon, et al.Design and analysis of a resonant reactive shield for a wireless power electric vehicle[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2014, 62(4): 1057-1066. [48] Moon Hwansoo, Kim Sungkyu, Park Hyun Ho, et al.Design of a resonant reactive shield with double coils and a phase shifter for wireless charging of electric vehicles[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2015, 51(3): 8700104. [49] Jonghoon Kim, Hongseok Kim, Seungyoung Ahn, et al.Spread spectrum technology to reduce the EMI from the constant voltage source type wireless power transfer system[Z]. Int. Antennas Propag. Symp., 2011-Oct.,[online] Available: Spread spectrum technology to reduce the EMI from the constant voltage source type wireless power transfer system[Z]. Int. Antennas Propag. Symp., 2011-Oct.,[online] Available: http://ap-s.ei.tuat.ac.jp/ isapx/2011/[WeB2-2]%20SE02_1002.pdf. [50] Kim Hongseok, Kim Jonghoon, Jeong Seungtaek, et al.EMI reduction in wireless power transfer system using spread spectrum frequency dithering[C]//IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC), Aveiro, 2016: 3. [51] Inoue Kent, Kusaka, Keisuke, et al.Reduction in radiation noise level for inductive power transfer systems using spread spectrum techniques[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2018, 33(4): 3076-3085. [52] Inoue Kent, Kusaka, Keisuke, et al.Reduction on radiation noise level for inductive power transfer systems with spread spectrum focusing on combined impedance of coils and capacitors[C]//IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), Milwaulee, 2016: 8. [53] 高金峰, 余亚, 张旭辉, 等. 混沌调制技术降低无线充电系统EMI水平研究[J]. 郑州大学学报: 工学版, 2016, 37(5): 62-66. Gao Jinfeng, Yu Ya, Zhang Xuhui, et al.Research on suppressing electromagnetic interference level of wireless charging system by using chaotic modu- lation technology[J]. Journal of Zhengzhou University: Engineering Science, 2016, 37(5): 62-66. [54] 余亚. 无线能量传输系统最大功率传输及降低EMI水平研究[D]. 郑州: 郑州大学, 2016. [55] Song Chiuk, Kim Hongseok, Kim Youngwoo, et al.EMI reduction methods in wireless power transfer system for drone electrical charger using tightly coupled three-phase resonant magnetic field[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2018, 65(9): 6839-6849. [56] Song Chiuk, Jung Daniel H, Kim Jonghoon J, et al.Leakage magnetic field reduction method using high Q multiple resonant reactive loop shielding in three- phase resonant WPT charger for drone[C]//IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo, Asia-Pacific (ITEC Asia-pacific), Busan, 2016: 913-918. [57] Kim Minho, Kim Hongseok, Kim Dongwook, et al.A three-phase wireless-power-transfer system for online electric vehicles with reduction of leakage magnetic fields[J]. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 2015, 63(11): 3806-3813. [58] Lu Ming, Ngo Khai D T. Attenuation of stray magnetic field in inductive power transfer by controlling phases of windings' currents[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2017, 53(9): 8700408. [59] Lu Ming, Ngo Khai D T. Field attenuation around inductive-power-transfer coils with dual-side-controlled converter[C]//9th Annual IEEE Energy Conversion Congress & Exposition (ECCE), Cincinnati, 2017: 126-132. [60] Lee Seongsoo, Jeong Seungtaek, Hong Seokwoo, et al.Design and analysis of EMI shielding method using intermediate coil for train WPT system[C]// IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC), Montreal, 2018: 4. [61] Zhu Qingwei, Zhang Yun, Guo Yanjie, et al.Null- coupled electromagnetic field canceling coil for wireless power transfer system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 2017, 3(2): 464-473. [62] Hajiaghajani Amirhossein, Ahn Seungyoung.Single- sided near-field wireless power transfer by a three- dimensional coil array[J]. Micromachines, 2019, 10(3): DOI: 10.3390/mi10030200. [63] Lee Seongsoo, Kim Dong-Hyun, Cho Yeonje, et al.Low leakage electromagnetic field level and high efficiency using a novel hybrid loop-array design for wireless high power transfer system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2019, 66(6): 4356-4367. [64] Zaheer A, Grant A C, Kacprzak D.A bipolar pad in a 10kHz 300W distributed IPT system for AGV appli- cations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electro- nics, 2014, 61(7): 3288-3301. [65] 张波, 疏许健, 黄润鸿. 感应和谐振无线电能传输技术的发展[J]. 电工技术学报, 2017, 32(18): 3-17. Zhang Bo, Shu Xujian, Huang Runhong.The development of inductive and resonant wireless power transfer technology[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2017, 32(18): 3-17. [66] Choi Byeong G, Sohn YeongHoon, Lee Eun S, et al. Coreless transmitting coils with conductive magnetic shield for wide-range ubiquitous IPT[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2019, 34(3): 2539-2552. [67] Choi Byeong G, Lee Eun S, Sohn Yeong H, et al.Coreless transmitting coils with metal shield for wide-range ubiquitous IPT[C]//3rd IEEE Inter- national Future Energy Electronics Conference and ECCE Asia, Kaohsiung, 2017: 7-12.
2020, Vol. 35 
