锂离子电池不同工况下充电效果对比及用户充电方法选择研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.211544

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摘要

合理地选择充电方法对于满足电动汽车用户需求、提高充电效率、延缓电池衰退至关重要。本文以3.6Ah磷酸铁锂动力电池为研究对象,以30min内充满电池额定容量的80%为基准,制定了5种不同的电池充电工况。为了适当加速电池的衰退,在45℃下共进行1000次循环实验,以100个循环为间隔,在常温25℃下开展性能实验,对比分析锂离子电池5种充电工况的充电效果,考虑充电起点、等待时间和目标充电容量等需求,合理选择充电工况。对比不同充电工况发现：1000个老化循环后,容量衰退速率最慢的是复合充电工况;导致电池容量衰退的主要原因为正负极活性材料的减少和活性锂离子数量的减少;以起始充电SOC=20%,充电时间为10min为例,充电能量最大的工况为变电流间歇工况。本文得到的结论为5种典型充电工况的优化选择提供了理论依据。

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关键词 ：锂离子电池, 不同充电工况, 容量增量曲线, 性能衰退, 工况选择

Abstract：

Lithium-ion batteries have become the preferred power source for major car companies due to their superior comprehensive performance, and are widely used in the field of electric vehicles. How to effectively control the battery, especially the reasonable choice of charging method is crucial to meet the needs of users, improve charging efficiency, and delay battery decline.However, at present, there is no systematic comparative analysis of the charging effect of multiple charging conditions, and because the mainstream BMS is embedded in a single working condition, the optimization selection of charging working conditions is not considered according to the actual needs of different users. Therefore, this paper carries out relevant research on five practical charging conditions, the specific content is as follows:
Firstly, in a variety of charging conditions, 1#constant current condition, 2#constant power condition, 3#five-stage constant current charging condition, 4#variable current intermittent charging condition, constant current charging and constant dQ/dV charging combined 5#composite charging condition five charging strategies were selected to carry out accelerated aging cycle experiment at 45 °C, and performance experiments were carried out at 25°C, including capacity test and small rate charge and discharge test. The charging target for cycling experiments under different charging conditions is 80% of the rated capacity of the battery in 30 minutes to be fully charged.
Secondly, aiming at the lack of systematic comparative analysis of charging effects under different charging conditions, from the analysis of charging capacity, energy consumption, charging energy efficiency and battery degradation characteristics, the following conclusions can be obtained: the capacity retention rate of composite working conditions after 1000 aging cycle experiments is the highest, which is 91.004%; Analyzing the energy consumption and energy utilization efficiency of the battery, it is found that the energy efficiency in the variable current intermittent condition is the lowest, 94.14% after 1000 cycles, and the highest energy utilization efficiency after 1000 aging cycles is in the constant power condition. In the first 1 000 cycles, the battery degradation mechanism is analyzed based on the IC curve, and it is found that the main reasons for the battery capacity decline are the loss of active materials in the positive and negative electrodes and the decrease in the number of active lithium ions.
Finally, in view of the problem that the charging condition is not selected based on user needs, the charging starting point, waiting time and target charging capacity are considered to optimize the charging condition. According to the analysis of experimental results, it is found that when the charging starting SOC=0%, taking the battery charging capacity as the evaluation standard, charging for 20min, the optimal working condition is the five-stage constant current or variable current intermittent working condition. When the initial charge SOC=20% and the charging time is 15min or less, intermittent charging of variable current is the optimal operating condition. Considering the 20% SOC interval, the SOC interval is different, and the optimal working conditions are different, for example, the 0~20% SOC interval should use the five-stage constant current working condition, and the 20~40%SOC and 40~60%SOC interval are suitable for the variable current intermittent working condition.

Key words： Lithium-ion battery different charging conditions capacity increment curve performance degradation charging condition selection

收稿日期: 2022-08-05

PACS:

TM911

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金资助项目（52177206）

通讯作者: 孙丙香女,1979年生,博士,教授,研究方向为锂离子电池成组应用技术。包括建模与仿真、热特性与低温加热策略、优化充电、储能电池性能评估与经济性分析等。E-mail： bxsun@bjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 李凯鑫女,1997年生,硕士,研究方向为锂离子电池充电方法。E-mail： 20126158@bjtu.edu.cn

引用本文:

孙丙香, 李凯鑫, 荆龙, 苏晓佳, 张媛. 锂离子电池不同工况下充电效果对比及用户充电方法选择研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 230622-230622. Sun Bingxiang, Li Kaixin, Jing Long, Su Xiaojia, Zhang Yuan. Comparison of Charging Effect of Lithium-Ion Battery under Different Working Strategies and Study on User Charging Method Selection. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 230622-230622.

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