考虑磁致伸缩逆效应的非晶合金开关磁阻电机减振方法研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.220493

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摘要非晶合金用于电机铁心可极大提高电机效率,然而,其较大的磁致伸缩系数和极强的应力敏感性（即磁致伸缩逆效应）增大铁心振动噪声的同时,限制电信号对铁心磁性能的精确控制能力。本文提出采用磁致伸缩逆效应对铁心磁化状态进行调制,以抑制非晶合金开关磁阻电机电磁振动的减振思路。首先,基于宏观热力学理论,建立考虑磁致伸缩及其逆效应的非晶合金材料力-磁耦合本构关系;其次,提出非晶合金开关磁阻电机的定子齿加压结构,并考虑静态预应力、脉动电磁应力对非晶合金磁特性的影响,构建开关磁阻电机力-磁双向动态耦合模型并求解;最后,计算应力作用前后定子铁心的磁密分布,通过实验与仿真对比发现定子齿加压结构的径向电磁应力可减小44.5.%,因此该减振方法具有可行性。

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关键词 ：磁致伸缩逆效应, 磁致伸缩效应, 电磁振动, 开关磁阻电机减振方法, 非晶合金

Abstract：Switched reluctance motors are applied in electric vehicles due to their simple structure and low cost. The amorphous alloy used to the switched reluctance motor core can greatly improve efficiency of the motor. However, its large magnetostrictive coefficient and strong stress sensitivity (i. e. inverse-magnetostriction effect) will increase the core vibration and limit the precise control ability of electrical signals. Therefore, a new approach is proposed to use inverse-magnetostriction effect to control the electromagnetic vibration of switched reluctance motor with amorphous alloy cores (SRMA). Then, the compressive stress applied structure of the SRMA stator teeth is proposed. By comparing simulation results with the experiment, it shows that the vibration reduction method is feasible.
Firstly, to achieve a more accurate vibration analysis of a SRMA, a nonlinear magnetostriction and inverse-magnetostriction effect force-magnetic coupling constitutive relation of the amorphous alloy is proposed basing on the macroscopic thermodynamics, the parameters of this relation are measured by magnetic properties measurement system, the magnetostrictive strain and relative permeability of amorphous alloys with a magnetic field and compressive stress applied can be calculated on basis of the proposed constitutive relation. Secondly, the compressive stress applied structure of the SRMA is proposed based on the inverse-magnetostriction effect, a finite element model of the structure is established to verify the proposed structure’s stability. Then, according to the extended solution of the electromagnetic stress and magnetostrictive stress, a two-way dynamic electromagnetic-force coupling model of the SRMA considering the magnetostriction and inverse-magnetostriction effects is established. Finally, the experiments and finite element calculations are carried out on the vibration characteristics of SRMA. The magnetic flux density in the stator yoke area basically remained at 0.3T before and after the improvement, which shows that the SRMA can still maintain the original running state after the improvement. Furthermore, the finite element calculation results before and after considering magnetostriction of SRMA stator are compared, which shows that the main sources of vibration are magnetostrictive stress and electromagnetic stress, and among them the proportion of magnetostrictive stress in dynamic stress can reach up to 42.4%. Besides, after the stator teeth are applied to 24MPa compressive stress, the radial magnetic flux density near the bolt is significantly reduced due to the force-magnetic coupling, and the radial magnetic flux density and electromagnetic stress in the air gap are reduced by 26.3% and 44.5%, respectively. By comparing the vibration displacement results of the experiment and simulation, the spectral distribution is consistent, which verifies the accuracy of the SRMA model proposed in this paper.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation and experiment analysis: 1) The proposed force-magnetic coupling constitutive relation of the amorphous alloy can simulation the magnetostriction and the inverse-magnetostriction effect, the nonlinear effect of stress on the relative permeability of amorphous alloys can be described more accurately. 2) By solving the two-way dynamic electromagnetic-force coupling model of the SRMA, the results show that magnetostriction effect cannot be ignored in vibration analysis of SRMA. 3) The compressive stress applied structure of the stator teeth can reduce vibrations while maintaining the original operation of the SRMA, it provides a new idea for research on the vibration reduction of SRMAs.

Key words： Inverse-magnetostriction effect Magnetostriction effect electromagnetic vibration vibration reduction method of switched reluctance motor amorphous alloy

PACS:

TM352

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目（52007102）,省部共建电工装备可靠性与智能化国家重点实验室（河北工业大学）开放课题基金（EERI_KF2021015）

通讯作者: 陈龙男,1989年生,博士,讲师,硕士生导师,研究方向为磁性材料磁特性模拟、全局优化设计。E-mail：chenlong@ctgu.edu.cn

作者简介: 贲彤女,1991年生,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为开关磁阻电机电磁综合效应。E-mail：bentong@ctgu.edu.cn

引用本文:

贲彤, 王进, 陈龙, 井立兵, 闫荣格. 考虑磁致伸缩逆效应的非晶合金开关磁阻电机减振方法研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 6-6. Ben Tong, Wang Jin, Chen Long, Jing Libing, Yan Rongge. Vibration reduction method of switched reluctance motor with amorphous alloy cores based on inverse-magnetostriction effect. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 6-6.

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