Calculation of Suspension Force of Amorphous Alloy High-Speed Maglev Linear Motor Based on Distributed Magnetic Circuit Method
Bao Mujian1, Sun Yuxi2, Chen Chuntao3, Zheng Xiaoqin1
1. School of Electrical Engineering Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China; 2. CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co. Ltd Qingdao 266111 China; 3. School of Automation Qingdao University Qingdao 266071 China
Abstract：As a low-loss core magnetic conductive material, amorphous alloy can replace silicon steel as the ferromagnetic material of motor to greatly reduce the iron loss of high-speed maglev linear motor. In order to prove the feasibility of the application of amorphous alloy in high-speed magnetic levitation linear motor, the improved distributed magnetic circuit method was used to calculate the air gap magnetic density of silicon steel and amorphous alloy long stator linear motor, and the virtual displacement method was adopted to calculate the static levitation force of the two materials. Firstly, the high-speed maglev linear motor has some unique structures, such as unequal pole distance between the long stator and mover, cogging on the polar surface of the mover, and discontinuity of the mover yoke. For this structure, the magnetic permeability was characterized in sections, the magnetic pressure drop was calculated in segments, and the distributed magnetic circuit method was improved. Then the accurate air gap magnetic density of silicon steel and amorphous long stator under different excitation currents was calculated. On this basis, the virtual displacement method was used to calculate the suspension force of a linear motor with a long stator made of two materials, and finite element verification was carried out. Finally, the static levitation force of this linear motor was measured, and both can meet the levitation requirements of high-speed maglev trains. The accuracy of the analytical results and the rationality of the amorphous alloy long-stator maglev linear motor were further verified. The results of the air gap flux density of the linear motor show that the improved distributed magnetic circuit method is more accurate than the original method because the generator cogging and mover yoke's discontinuity are considered. Accordingly, the analytical calculation results of the levitation force of the silicon steel and amorphous alloy long stator linear motor show that: (1) The static levitation force of the amorphous long-stator linear motor is slightly lower than that of the silicon steel long-stator linear motor under the same excitation current; (2) The levitation force of a linear motor with a long stator made of two materials increases with the increase of excitation current, and the saturation trend of amorphous materials changes slightly faster than that of silicon steel. When the excitation current is rated at 25 A, the long stator made of two materials can meet the requirement of 40 kN suspension force of the train. When the current exceeds 30 A, the linear motors of both materials enter the saturation zone. When it reaches 45 A, the static suspension force must be no less than 90 kN to ensure the stable suspension of the train under fault. In this case, the long stator linear motor made of two materials also meets the requirements. The simulation and experimental results of the levitation force show that the improved distributed magnetic circuit method has a high accuracy in calculating the static levitation force of the linear motor. The following conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of calculation results: (1) The air gap flux density waveform of the high-speed maglev linear motor obtained by the improved distributed magnetic circuit method agrees with the finite element simulation results. (2) The levitation force level of an amorphous alloy long stator is slightly lower than that of a silicon steel long stator. However, from the perspective of application requirements, the suspension force of amorphous alloy as long stator core material still meets the requirements of the high-speed maglev linear motor. The feasibility of using amorphous alloy instead of silicon steel as the long stator core material of linear motor in terms of static levitation force of the linear motor is verified.
包木建, 孙玉玺, 陈春涛, 郑晓钦. 基于分布磁路法的非晶合金高速磁浮直线电机悬浮力计算[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(14): 3678-3688.
Bao Mujian, Sun Yuxi, Chen Chuntao, Zheng Xiaoqin. Calculation of Suspension Force of Amorphous Alloy High-Speed Maglev Linear Motor Based on Distributed Magnetic Circuit Method. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(14): 3678-3688.
[1] 熊嘉阳, 邓自刚. 高速磁悬浮轨道交通研究进展[J]. 交通运输工程学报, 2021, 21(1): 177-198. Xiong Jiayang, Deng Zigang.Research progress of high-speed maglev rail transit[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2021, 21(1): 177-198. [2] 朱进权, 葛琼璇, 王晓新, 等. 基于自抗扰和负载功率前馈的高速磁悬浮系统PWM整流器控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(2): 320-329. Zhu Jinquan, Ge Qiongxuan, Wang Xiaoxin, et al.Control strategy for PWM rectifier of high-speed maglev based on active disturbance rejection control and load power feed-forward[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(2): 320-329. [3] 赵牧天, 葛琼璇, 朱进权, 等. 中速磁悬浮列车分段式长定子永磁直线同步电机牵引控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(10): 2491-2502. Zhao Mutian, Ge Qiongxuan, Zhu Jinquan, et al.Traction control strategy of segmented long stator permanent magnet linear synchronous motor for medium-speed maglev train[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(10): 2491-2502. [4] 廖凯, 张润涛, 杨子安, 等. 交通能源融合大数据平台架构与应用[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2022, 46(12): 20-35. Liao Kai, Zhang Runtao, Yang Zian, et al.Archite- cture and application of traffic-energy integrated big data platform[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2022, 46(12): 20-35. [5] 迟青光, 张艳丽, 陈吉超, 等. 非晶合金铁心损耗与磁致伸缩特性测量与模拟[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(18): 3876-3883. Chi Qingguang, Zhang Yanli, Chen Jichao, et al.Measurement and modeling of lossand magneto- strictive properties for the amorphous alloy core[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(18): 3876-3883. [6] Tong Wenming, Li Shiqi, Sun Ruolan, et al.Modified core loss calculation for high-speed PMSMs with amorphous metal stator cores[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 2021, 36(1): 560-569. [7] 朱健, 曹君慈, 刘瑞芳, 等. 电动汽车用永磁同步电机铁心采用非晶合金与硅钢的性能比较[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(增刊2): 352-358. Zhu Jian, Cao Junci, Liu Ruifang, et al.Comparative analysis of silicon steel and amorphous on the per- formance of permanent magnet synchronous motors on electric vehicles[J]. Transactions of China Elec- trotechnical Society, 2018, 33(S2): 352-358. [8] Chai Feng, Li Zongyang, Chen Lei, et al.Effect of cutting and slot opening on amorphous alloy core for high-speed switched reluctance motor[J]. IEEE Transa- ctions on Magnetics, 2021, 7(2): 1-5. [9] Tong Wenming, Sun Ruolan, Zhang Chao.Loss and thermal analysis of a high-speed surface-mounted PMSM with amorphous metal stator core and titanium alloy rotor sleeve[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2019, 55(6): 1-4. [10] 孙玉玺, 高信迈, 包木建, 等. 基于非晶合金的高速磁浮直线电机长定子铁耗计算[J]. 大电机技术, 2022, 284(5): 21-27. Sun Yuxi, Gao Xinmai, Bao Mujian, et al.Iron loss calculation of high-speed maglev linear motor based on amorphous alloy[J]. Large Electric Machine and Hydraulic Turbine, 2022, 284(5): 21-27. [11] 宋守许, 杜毅, 胡孟成. 定子混合叠压再制造电机空载损耗计算与分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(3): 970-980. Song Shouxu, Du Yi, Hu Mengcheng.Calculation and analysis of no-load iron loss of remanufactured motor with hybrid laminated stator core[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(3): 970-980. [12] 胡道宇, 冯馨月, 张志华. 超导电动悬浮系统阻尼特性研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(13): 4679-4688. Hu Daoyu, Feng Xinyue, Zhang Zhihua.Study on the damping characteristics of superconducting electro- dynamic suspension system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(13): 4679-4688. [13] 余浩伟, 寇峻瑜, 李艳. 600km/h高速磁浮在国内的适应性及工程化发展[J]. 铁道工程学报, 2020, 37(12): 16-20, 88. Yu Haowei, Kou Junyu Li Yan. Adaptability and Engineering development of 600km/h high-speed maglev in China[J]. Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2020, 37(12): 16-20, 88. [14] 孙玉玲, 秦阿宁, 董璐. 全球磁浮交通发展态势、前景展望及对中国的建议[J]. 世界科技研究与发展, 2019, 41(2): 109-119. Sun Yuling, Qin Aning, Dong Lu.Research on development and prospects of maglev transportation and suggestions to China[J]. World Sci-Tech R & D, 2019, 41(2): 109-119. [15] 吕刚. 直线电机在轨道交通中的应用与关键技术综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2020, 40(17): 5665-5675. Lü Gang.Review of the application and key technology in the linear motor for the rail transit[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2020, 40(17): 5665-5675. [16] Cao Junci, Deng Xiaoqing, Jia Bo.Electromagnetic analysis and optimization of high-speed maglev linear synchronous motor based on field-circuit coupling[J]. CES Transactions on Electrical Machines and Systems, 2022, 6(2): 118-123. [17] 朱进权, 葛琼璇, 张波, 等. 考虑悬浮系统影响的高速磁悬浮列车牵引控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2022, 37(12): 3087-3096. Zhu Jinquan, Ge Qiongxuan, Zhang Bo, et al.Traction control strategy of high-speed maglev con- sidering the influence of suspension system[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2022, 37(12): 3087-3096. [18] Kang Jinsong, Mu Siyuan, Ni Fei.Improved EL model of long stator linear synchronous motor via analytical magnetic coenergy reconstruction method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2020, 56(8): 1-13. [19] 赵纪龙, 逯卓林, 韩青峰, 等. 轴向磁通永磁电机系统及关键技术前沿发展综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(7): 2744-2765. Zhao Jilong, Lu Zhaolin, Han Qingfeng, et al.An overview on development of axial flux permanent magnet motor system and the key technology[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(7): 2744-2765. [20] 罗俊, 寇宝泉, 杨小宝, 等. 双交替极横向磁通直线电机的基础研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(7): 1900-1908. Luo Jun, Kou Baoquan, Yang Xiaobao, et al.Funda- mental study of dual consequent-pole transverse-flux linear motor[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39(7): 1900-1908. [21] 许金, 聂世雄, 马伟明, 等. 无槽双边长定子直线感应电动机磁路计算方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(10): 2793-2799. Xu Jin, Nie Shixiong, Ma Weiming, et al.Magnetic circuit calculation of slot-less double-sided long primary linear induction motor[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(10): 2793-2799. [22] 黄垂兵, 马伟明, 许金, 等. 六相圆筒式直线感应电机磁路计算及饱和特性分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(5): 1032-1039. Huang Chuibing, Ma Weiming, Xu Jin, et al.Magnet circuit calculation and saturation characteristics analysis of six phase cylindrical linear induction motor[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(5): 1032-1039. [23] 张千, 刘慧娟, 马杰芳, 等. 考虑后退行波的长初级双边直线感应电机电磁性能计算[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(7): 1398-1409. Zhang Qian, Liu Huijuan, Ma Jiefang, et al.Calcu- lation of electromagnetic performance for long primary double sided linear induction motors con- sidering backward traveling wave[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(7): 1398-1409. [24] 刘治鑫, 王东, 余中军, 等. 基于磁性槽楔修正模型的感应电动机气隙磁场的分布磁路法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2019, 34(15): 3112-3123. Liu Zhixin, Wang Dong, Yu Zhongjun, et al.Distributed magnetic circuit method for calculating air-gap magnetic field of induction motor based on modified model considering the effect of magnetic slot wedges[J]. Transactions of China Electro- technical Society, 2019, 34(15): 3112-3123. [25] 章九鼎, 卢琴芬. 长定子直线同步电机齿槽效应的计算与影响[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(5): 964-972, 1026. Zhang Jiuding, Lu Qinfen.Calculation and influences of cogging effects in long-stator linear synchronous motor[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2021, 36(5): 964-972, 1026.
2023, Vol. 38 
