Abstract：To explore the degradation performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack under dynamic locomotive conditions, polarization curve, equivalent circuit model (ECM) method, and distribution of relaxation time (DRT) method are combined to analyze the performance of PEMFC. For the 5kW stack, the polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the 1st, 20th, and 40th cells after 0h, 110h, 220h, and 330h of locomotive operation are measured. The third-order equivalent circuit model of PEMFC is established, and the internal changes of PEMFC are analyzed according to the model parameters. The DRT corresponding to EIS is calculated to explain the changes of the polarization process of PEMFC according to different peaks. The results show that the main losses of different cells occur in the oxygen reduction reaction process and mass transfer process, while the degradation trends of different cells are inconsistent under dynamic conditions. Cell 1 at the stack inlet degrades the fastest during 110~220h. The degradation rate of cell 20 increases with time. Cell 40 at stack outlet degrades the fastest during 220~330h. Due to cell 40 is not fully activated at 0h, its performance is improved during 0~110h.
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