质子交换膜燃料电池低温启动水热管理特性及优化

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.170517

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摘要

质子交换膜燃料电池在车辆中具有较大的应用潜力。低温启动过程是指燃料电池从较低的初始温度启动,直到稳定工作状态的过程。该过程中的水热管理特性决定燃料电池的输出性能。利用数值仿真方法,建立一个一维多相流电池堆模型,研究不同条件下从10℃低温启动直到升温至80℃的过程中电池启动性能和水热管理特性。结果表明,随着启动过程的进行,电池堆温度分布的不均匀性逐渐凸显。启动初期电压下降,主导因素是显著的电渗拖曳效应（EOD）导致阳极电阻增大。阳极氢-氧催化反应辅助启动,既可使电池堆更快达到正常工作温度,也可为阳极快速加湿,降低电阻,获得更高的输出电压。而阴极氢-氧催化反应辅助启动易导致阴极水淹,因此不利于提高低温启动过程中的水热管理性能。

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关键词 ：质子交换膜燃料电池堆, 低温启动, 一维模型, 辅助启动

Abstract：

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) is one of the most promising energy devices in automotive applications. Its superiorities include zero-emission, high efficiency, low noise, low vibration and low operation temperature. Low temperature startup is defined as the startup process from a relatively low temperature to normal operation temperature. This process is critical for the performance of PEMFC in application. In this study, the water and thermal management during low temperature startup process(from 10℃to 80℃) of a PEMFC stack was studied based on the one-dimensional modeling. It is found that the non-uniformity of temperature distributions tends to increase with time during startup. The initial voltage drop is caused by the strong electro-osmotic drag effect, which results in drying of the anode and increase of the stack resistance. Anode catalytic reaction assisted startup is favored for not only to enhance the temperature increasing rate but also to hydrate the anode catalyst layer thus benefiting the water and thermal managements simultaneously. However, cathode catalytic reaction potentially causes cathode flooding, which is unfavorable for water management in low temperature startup in PEMFC stack.

Key words： Proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack low temperature startup one-dimensional model assisted startup

收稿日期: 2017-04-20 出版日期: 2018-06-13

PACS:	TK121
	TM911.4

通讯作者: 罗悦齐男,1992年生,硕士,研究方向为燃料电池汽车系统测试与分析。E-mail：luoyueqi@saicmotor.com

作者简介: 张嵩男,1979年生,硕士,高级工程师,研究方向为燃料电池汽车系统测试与分析。E-mail：zhangsong01@saicmotor.com

引用本文:

罗悦齐, 张嵩, 高丽萍, 俞剑峰. 质子交换膜燃料电池低温启动水热管理特性及优化[J]. 电工技术学报, 2018, 33(11): 2626-2635. Luo Yueqi, Zhang Song, GaoLiping, Yu Jianfeng. Optimization of Water and Thermal Management in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell during Low Temperature Startup. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2018, 33(11): 2626-2635.

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