±400 kV直流穿墙套管用环保气体的绝缘特性

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240120

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摘要 ±400 kV直流穿墙套管为连接外部电场和内部阀厅的重要设备,然而现有研究中环保型气体——干燥空气、CO₂以及C₄F₇N（全氟异丁腈）混合气体的数据并不完全适用于直流穿墙套管,因此研究直流穿墙套管典型电场结构的环保型气体的绝缘特性有重要意义。该文首先仿真分析了±400 kV直流穿墙套管的电场分布,得到穿墙套管内部整体电场分布呈现出两端低中间高的特征,电场强度最大值出现在中间穿墙筒体屏蔽罩端部圆弧处,并根据穿墙套管典型位置电场强度与不均匀度设计了不同类型的电极;其次,在正负极性直流电压下通过试验研究了0.5~1.0 MPa气压范围内不同电极形式、不同电极距离的干燥空气和CO₂的击穿特性,以及0.1~0.6 MPa气压范围内球板电极、同轴电极下不同电极距离的C₄F₇N/CO₂混合气体击穿特性,并将三种气体在相同条件下进行对比。试验结果表明：在气压过高时,干燥空气、CO₂及C₄F₇N/CO₂混合气体的击穿电压会呈现饱和现象;在相同条件下,干燥空气的绝缘性能是CO₂的1.18倍,球板电极下,0.9 MPa干燥空气直流负极性击穿电压可达0.4 MPa SF₆混合气体负极性击穿电压的77.2%,可用于±400 kV直流穿墙套管中。

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关键词 ： SF₆替代气体, 干燥空气, 直流击穿特性, 直流穿墙套管

Abstract：±400 kV DC wall bushing as an important equipment connecting external electric field and internal valve hall, the data of environmentally friendly gases dry air, CO₂ and C₄F₇N (perfluoro isobutyronitrile) gas mixture in the existing research are not fully applicable to DC wall bushing, the research on the insulation characteristics of environmentally friendly gases for the typical electric field structure of DC wall bushing is of great significance. In this paper, firstly, the electric field simulation analysis of ±400 kV DC wall bushing is carried out, and the overall electric field distribution inside the wall bushing is obtained, which is low at both ends and high in the middle, and the maximum value appears in the middle of the arc of the end of the shielding cover of the through-wall cylinder, so that different types of electrodes are designed according to the typical location of the wall bushing in terms of the strength of the electric field and the degree of inhomogeneity. Secondly, the breakdown characteristics of dry air and CO₂ with different electrode forms and different electrode distances in the range of 0.5~1.0 MPa and the breakdown characteristics of C₄F₇N/CO₂ gas mixture with different electrode distances under ball-plate electrodes and coaxial electrodes in the range of 0.1~0.6 MPa have been investigated experimentally at positive and negative polarity DC voltage and the three kinds of gases have been compared under the same conditions. The experimental results show that the breakdown voltages of dry air and CO₂ and C₄F₇N/CO₂ gas mixture will show saturation phenomenon when the gas pressure is too high; under the same conditions, the insulating property of dry air is 1.18 times higher than that of CO₂. Under the sphere plate electrode, the DC negative breakdown voltage of 0.9 MPa dry air can reach 77.2% of the negative breakdown voltage of 0.4 MPa SF₆ gas mixture, which can be used for ±400 kV DC wall bushing.
Firstly, ±400 kV DC wall bushing is modeled in three dimensions, and finite element electric field simulation analysis and thermal field simulation analysis are carried out on the model, which is equivalent to different electrode types according to the distribution of electric field simulation and the electric field inhomogeneity at each typical position of the DC wall bushing.
Secondly, we design and manufacture a set of environmentally friendly gas insulation characteristics test device by ourselves, and then introduce the test circuit principle of DC, and build an environmentally friendly gas insulation characteristics test platform according to the circuit schematic diagram.
Finally, the test results are analyzed, and the DC breakdown tests are carried out for dry air, CO₂ and C₄F₇N/CO₂ gas mixture under different electrode forms, different air pressures and different electrode distances to obtain the insulating properties of the three gases, and the feasibility of substituting SF₆ for the test gases in Wall Bushing is discussed, so as to provide important references for the application of environmentally friendly insulating gases in ±400 kV DC wall bushing It provides an important reference for the application of environmentally friendly insulating gases in ±400 kV DC wall bushing.
Based on the breakdown characteristics of the three gases and environmental protection, in ±400 kV DC wall bushing, 0.9 MPa dry air has great potential for application, up to 77.2% of the SF₆ breakdown voltage at 0.4 MPa, and the improvement of the breakdown voltage of insulating gases in the wall bushing in the practical application needs to take into account the unevenness of the electric field and the combined effect of space charge.

Key words： SF₆ alternative gas dry air DC breakdown characteristics DC wall bushing

收稿日期: 2024-01-18

PACS:

TM845

基金资助:国家高层次人才特殊支持计划（SO20220B06966）、国家自然科学基金（51977195, 52107170, 52477163）和平高集团科技项目（PGKJ2021-005）资助

通讯作者: 葛国伟男,1987年生,副教授,研究方向为智能化高压电器及高压新技术,着重研究多断口真空开关技术、中压直流开断技术。E-mail：ggw@zzu.edu.cn

作者简介: 程显男,1982年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为开关设备与绝缘技术,着重研究混合断路器技术、多断口真空开关技术。E-mail：chengxian@zzu.edu.cn

引用本文:

程显, 刘赛, 葛国伟, 柴影辉, 韩书谟, 杜帅. ±400 kV直流穿墙套管用环保气体的绝缘特性[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(3): 900-912. Cheng Xian, Liu Sai, Ge Guowei, Chai Yinghui, Han Shumo, Du Shuai. Insulation Characterization of Environmentally Friendly Gases for ±400 kV DC Wall Bushing. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(3): 900-912.

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https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240120 https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y2025/V40/I3/900

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