Oscillation Source Location Method of Renewable Energy Grid-Connected System Based on Fundamental Frequency Measurement Impedance
Xu Yanhui1, Li Jiayan1, Li Wentao1, Tian Xin2, Zhang Yuyue2
1. State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206 China; 2. Shandong Power Economic Research Institute State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Jinan 250001 China
Abstract：With the rapid development of renewable energy represented by wind power and photovoltaics, the penetration rate of power electronic equipment in the power system has continued to increase. It has triggered several oscillation incidents caused by the interaction between power electronic equipment and the power grid, posing a serious threat to the safe and stable operation of the new energy grid-connected system. If the oscillation source can be detected promptly and accurately at the early stage and corresponding suppression measures can be taken, the harm caused by oscillation can be avoided. The oscillation source positioning can be divided into mechanism-model-based and measurement-data-based methods. Due to the difficulty in establishing high- dimensional nonlinear mechanism models and the poor interpretability of deep learning methods, mechanism- based and artificial intelligence-based methods are difficult to apply in practice. Meanwhile, broadband measurement devices are not yet widely used, and the existing methods for locating oscillation sources based on broadband measurement information are challenging. Firstly, the dynamic response process of fundamental frequency voltage and current in the presence of sub/super-synchronous components is deduced, revealing the change rule of fundamental frequency quantity when sub/super-synchronous oscillation occurs. Then, for the problem that the oscillation threshold is difficult to obtain accurately, the oscillation training sample set under multiple scenarios is constructed, and the functional expression of the oscillation threshold is obtained based on the support vector machine algorithm. The sub/super-synchronous oscillation source localization criterion is formed based on the fundamental frequency measured impedance. Finally, a time domain simulation model is constructed based on the typical topology of new energy grid-connected systems, and the proposed method is validated by constructing a test data set. The results show that the proposed method is adaptableto different operating conditions and can realize the accurate localization of sub/super-synchronous oscillation sources in renewable energy grid-connected systems. The main conclusion of this paper can be summarized as follows: (1) When there are sub/super-synchronous components in the system, the voltage and current of power frequency are affected by the regulation of the control link. The fundamental frequency measurement impedance (FFMI) can be used to characterize the degree to which the fundamental frequency quantity is affected by the sub/super-synchronous components. (2) The changes of FFMI in oscillation source and non-oscillation source nodes are significantly different, and the FFMI can be used to locate the sub/super-synchronous oscillation source. The support vector machine (SVM) is a robust binary classification model. An oscillation threshold of a binary function of frequency and power is finally obtained by constructing an oscillation training sample set under multiple scenarios. (3) The FFMI-based oscillation source location method can accurately locate the oscillation source from three aspects: single-mode oscillation, single-mode interactive oscillation, and multi-mode oscillation. The proposed method has good generalization ability.
徐衍会, 李佳晏, 李文韬, 田鑫, 张玉跃. 基于工频测量阻抗的新能源并网系统次/超同步振荡源定位方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2025, 40(14): 4601-4613.
Xu Yanhui, Li Jiayan, Li Wentao, Tian Xin, Zhang Yuyue. Oscillation Source Location Method of Renewable Energy Grid-Connected System Based on Fundamental Frequency Measurement Impedance. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2025, 40(14): 4601-4613.
[1] Adams J, Pappu V A, Dixit A.Ercot experience screening for sub-synchronous control interaction in the vicinity of series capacitor banks[C]//2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, San Diego, CA, USA, 2012: 1-5. [2] Leon A E, Solsona J A.Sub-synchronous interaction damping control for DFIG wind turbines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2015, 30(1): 419-428. [3] 谢小荣, 刘华坤, 贺静波, 等. 直驱风机风电场与交流电网相互作用引发次同步振荡的机理与特性分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(9): 2366-2372. Xie Xiaorong, Liu Huakun, He Jingbo, et al.mechanism and characteristics of subsynchronous oscillation caused by the interaction between full- converter wind turbines and AC systems[J]. Pro- ceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(9): 2366-2372. [4] 杨万开, 王兴国, 王书扬. 渝鄂柔性直流输电接入电网高频谐振与抑制分析[J]. 发电技术, 2022, 43(3): 492-500. Yang Wankai, Wang Xingguo, Wang Shuyang.Analysis of high frequency resonance and suppression in Yu to E VSC-HVDC project connected to power grid[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(3): 492-500. [5] Testa A, Akram M F, Burch R, et al.Interharmonics: theory and modeling[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2007, 22(4): 2335-2348. [6] Testa A, Langella R.Power system subharmonics[C]//IEEE Power Engineering Society General Meeting, San Francisco, CA, USA, 2005: 2237-2242. [7] 柳劲松, 马宁宁, 刘舒. 高比例风电系统宽频振荡紧急控制策略研究[J]. 全球能源互联网, 2024, 7(5): 558-566. Liu Jinsong, Ma Ningning, Liu Shu.Study on emergency control strategy of wideband oscillation in power systems with high-percentage wind power[J]. Journal of Global Energy Interconnection, 2024, 7(5): 558-566. [8] Xu Yanhui, Gu Zheng, Sun Kai, et al.Understanding a type of forced oscillation caused by steam-turbine governors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Con- version, 2020, 35(3): 1719-1722. [9] Ye Hua, Liu Yutian, Zhang Peng, et al.Analysis and detection of forced oscillation in power system[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2017, 32(2): 1149-1160. [10] Ali Mohammadpour H, Santi E.Modeling and control of gate-controlled series capacitor interfaced with a DFIG-based wind farm[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2015, 62(2): 1022-1033. [11] Xu Yanhui, Gao Tianchu.Sub-synchronous frequency domain-equivalent modeling for wind farms based on rotor equivalent resistance characteristics[J]. Global Energy Interconnection, 2022, 5(3): 293-300. [12] 占颖, 吴琛, 谢小荣, 等. 风电并网系统次同步振荡的频域模式分析[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2020, 44(18): 90-97. Zhan Ying, Wu Chen, Xie Xiaorong, et al.Frequency domain modal analysis of subsynchronous oscillation in grid-connected wind power system[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2020, 44(18): 90-97. [13] Zhan Ying, Xie Xiaorong, Wang Yang.Impedance network model based modal observability and controllability analysis for renewable integrated power systems[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2021, 36(4): 2025-2034. [14] Fan Xugen, Xiong Fei, Jiang Leihai.PMU-WAMS research and application in Brazil[J]. Global Energy Interconnection, 2019, 2(1): 85-93. [15] Xie Xiaorong, Liu Wei, Liu Hui, et al.A system-wide protection against unstable SSCI in series- compensated wind power systems[J]. IEEE Transa- ctions on Power Delivery, 2018, 33(6): 3095-3104. [16] 国家能源局. 电力系统同步相量测量装置通用技术条件: DL/T 280-2012[S]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2012. [17] 樊陈, 姚建国, 常乃超, 等. 电力系统宽频测量装置技术规范解读及应用展望[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2023, 47(5): 190-199. Fan Chen, Yao Jianguo, Chang Naichao,et al.Inter- pretation of technical specification for wide frequency measurement device of power system and prospect of its application[J]. Automation of Electric Power System, 2023, 47(5): 190-199. [18] 国家电网有限公司. 电力系统宽频测量装置技术规范: Q/GDW12214-2022[S]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2022. [19] 姜涛, 刘博涵, 李雪, 等. 基于自适应投影多元经验模态分解的电力系统强迫振荡源定位[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(13): 3527-3538. Jiang Tao, Liu Bohan, Li Xue, et al.Forced oscillation location in power systems using adaptive projection intrinsically transformed multiple empi- rical mode decomposition[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(13): 3527-3538. [20] Gao Bo, Wang Yang, Xu W, et al.Identifying and ranking sources of SSR based on the concept of subsynchronous power[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2020, 35(1): 258-268. [21] Xie Xiaorong, Zhan Ying, Shair J, et al.Identifying the source of subsynchronous control interaction via wide-area monitoring of sub/super-synchronous power flows[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2020, 35(5): 2177-2185. [22] Wang Yang, Jiang Xiaolong, Xie Xiaorong, et al.Identifying sources of subsynchronous resonance using wide-area phasor measurements[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2021, 36(5): 3242-3254. [23] 冯双, 杨浩, 崔昊, 等. 基于Copula传递熵的设备级和网络级宽频振荡传播路径分析及振荡源定位方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(16): 4996-5010. Feng Shuang, Yang Hao, Cui Hao, et al.Device and network level wideband oscillations propagation path analysis and source localization method based on copula transfer entropy[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(16): 4996-5010. [24] 陈剑, 杜文娟, 王海风. 基于对抗式迁移学习的含柔性高压直流输电的风电系统次同步振荡源定位[J]. 电工技术学报, 2021, 36(22): 4703-4715. Chen Jian, Du Wenjuan, Wang Haifeng.Location method of subsynchronous oscillation source in wind power system with VSC-HVDC based on adversarial transfer learning[J]. Transactions of China Electro- technical Society, 2021, 36(22): 4703-4715. [25] Dong Xin, Du Wenjuan, Wang Haifeng.Measurement- driven diagnostics of mechanism and source of subsynchronous oscillations in power systems with renewable power generation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2024, 39(3): 5366-5381. [26] Liu Hui, Cheng Yundan, Xu Yanhui, et al.Locali- zation method of subsynchronous oscillation source based on high-resolution time-frequency distribution image and CNN[J]. Global Energy Interconnection, 2024, 7(1): 1-13. [27] Chisti Y.IEEE approved draft guide for syn- chronization, calibration, testing, and installation of phasor measurement units (PMU) for power system protection and control[J]. Education. physical Training. sport, 2013, 167(1):1-125. [28] Yang Na, Ma Wenda, Wang Xitian, et al.Defining SSO power and characterizing SSO propagation in power system with wind farms integration[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2021, 36(4): 3531-3540. [29] 李光辉, 王伟胜, 刘纯, 等. 直驱风电场接入弱电网宽频带振荡机理与抑制方法(一): 宽频带阻抗特性与振荡机理分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39(22): 6547-6562. Li Guanghui, Wang Weisheng, Liu Chun, et al.mechanism analysis and suppression method of wideband oscillation of PMSG wind farms connected to weak grid (part I): analysis of wideband impedance characteristics and oscillation mechanism[J]. Pro- ceedings of the CSEE,2019, 39(22): 6547-6562.
2025, Vol. 40 
