滑动电接触界面沉积层对电枢熔化的抑制效应研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231395

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摘要维持良好的滑动电接触性能是实现电磁轨道发射高频率和高效率工作的重要保证。重复发射时,轨道表面沉积层影响电枢表面熔化特性,进而改变接触状态,从而影响滑动电接触性能,因此有必要对沉积层作用下的电枢熔化特性进行分析。首先,通过分析沉积层受热过程,建立了沉积层熔化判断模型,并提出沉积层熔化判断条件;其次,基于沉积层熔化特性,建立了沉积层作用下的电枢熔化磨损计算模型,分析不同电流条件下沉积层熔化特性发现,载流量越大,沉积层熔化范围越大,并且启动低速阶段沉积层能够发生熔化,高速阶段沉积层不容易发生熔化;最后,开展重复发射试验,通过理论分析结合试验验证对电枢熔化的抑制特性进行研究。结果表明：沉积层厚度随着发射次数逐渐增加,沉积层全部熔化状态下,电枢最大熔化深度随发射次数呈逐渐减小的趋势。模型计算结果与试验测量结果变化趋势相同,说明沉积层熔化对电枢熔化有抑制效应。该文所建立模型及分析结果对深入理解重复发射时枢轨界面熔化磨损机理、提高滑动电接触性能具有重要意义。

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关键词 ：重复发射, 滑动电接触, 沉积层熔化, 电枢熔化

Abstract：Maintaining good sliding electrical contact performance is crucial for achieving high-frequency and high-efficiency operation in electromagnetic rail launch systems. In the environment of high current and high-speed sliding electrical contacts, an aluminum deposited layer appears on the rail surface during the first launch after rail surface cleaning. During repetitive launches, the armature slides on the deposited rail, causing the deposited layer to melt due to heating. Melting state of the deposited layer affects the melting wear process on the armature's surface, thereby altering the contact state and influencing the sliding electrical contact performance. Therefore, studying armature's melting characteristics influenced by deposited layer is of great significance for a deeper understanding of interface melting wear mechanisms and for improving sliding electrical contact performance.
Firstly, by analyzing the heating process of the deposited layer, equations for calculating its melting moment and melting thickness were established. Within contact time (t_c) between armature and deposited layer, the deposited layer is heated by the interface heat source and undergoes melting. A criterion for determining the melting of the deposited layer was proposed by comparing the contact time with the melting moment. If the heating time (t_c) of the deposited layer is greater than melting moment (t_m), then melting occurs within the contact time. Analysis of the melting characteristics of the deposited layer under different current conditions reveals that the larger the current load, the larger the melting range of the deposited layer. In addition, the deposited layer is more likely to melt during the low-speed stage and less likely to melt during the high-speed stage. Assuming that the deposited layer completely melts at time t_r after the start of contact, the armature and the rail directly engage in heat transfer from time t_r onwards. Based on the analysis of the heat balance equation under the condition of complete melting of the deposited layer, a calculation model for the melting wear of the armature under the influence of the deposited layer was established, yielding the melting wear rate of the armature.
Finally, repetitive launch experiments were conducted with a 20 mm square caliber inner bore. Keeping current waveform and launch mass unchanged, each launch had a velocity of approximately 140 m/s, with a total of 7 launches conducted in the experiments. After each experiment, the armature and rail samples were recovered, and a profile gauge was used to measure the maximum melting depth on the armature's surface and the thickness of the deposited layer on the rail's surface. The experimental results show that the thickness of the deposited layer gradually increases with the number of launches, while the maximum melting depth on the armature's surface decreases with the increasing number of launches. By analyzing the thickness distribution curve of the deposited layer in conjunction with the criterion for deposited layer melting, it was found that the deposited layer was in a state of complete remelting under the current launch conditions. Using the armature melting calculation model under the condition of complete deposited layer remelting, the average maximum melting depth was further calculated. The calculated results from the model show the same trend as the experimental measurements, indicating that deposited layer melting has an inhibitory effect on armature melting.

Key words： Repetitive launching sliding electrical contact deposited layer melt armature melt

收稿日期: 2023-08-28

PACS:

TM359.4

基金资助:国家自然科学基金（52207009, 62073173）和高校科研启动资金（NY219155, NY220192）资助项目

通讯作者: 姚金明女,1989年生,讲师,硕士生导师,研究方向为电磁发射技术等。E-mail：yaojinming@njupt.edu.cn

作者简介: 孙建东男,1984年生,高级工程师,研究方向为电磁场数值仿真计算等。E-mail：sunjiandong@sgepri.sgcc.com.cn

引用本文:

姚金明, 孙建东, 鲍建波, 张腾飞. 滑动电接触界面沉积层对电枢熔化的抑制效应研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(19): 5958-5968. Yao Jinming, Sun Jiandong, Bao Jianbo, Zhang Tengfei. Study on Suppressing Effect of Deposited Layer on Armature Melting at Sliding Electrical Contact Interfaces. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(19): 5958-5968.

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