Abstract：Hydrogen energy storage technology is characterized by cleanliness, no self-discharge, and high energy density, making it a highly promising energy storage technology. When the grid has surplus power, hydrogen energy storage absorbs the excess power; when the grid power is insufficient, hydrogen energy is converted into electricity to supply power to users. However, currently, most research on hydrogen energy storage is still in the stage of business model and economic feasibility studies, lacking operation principles and modeling research. To solve these problems, we propose an integrated hydrogen energy power station (IHEPS) that integrates three parts: hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, and fuel cell power generation. Based on causal ordering graph (COG), we establish the operation process model and energy flow control strategy of IHEPS. The proposed model and control strategy not only clearly represent the operation process of the IHEPS but also, by using model inversion control for rigid relationships, reduce error feedback time and enhance controller performance, thus better realizing the energy flow management of the IHEPS. Firstly, the composition structure, working principles, and control system configuration of the box-type IHEPS are proposed. Then, according to the characteristics of IHEPS electricity-hydrogen-electricity energy conversion, a control-oriented operating dynamic model of hydrogen production, storage and power generation integrated power station is established based on the COG. This model can clearly reflect the relationships between different physical quantities of the IHEPS. Next, based on the established model and the principle of natural causality, a power and hydrogen flow control strategy for the operation process of the IHEPS is designed. This strategy adopts model inversion control for processes with rigid relationships to reduce error feedback time and enhance controller performance. Finally, tests are conducted on the RT-Lab hardware-in-the-loop simulation platform to analyze the relationships between different physical quantities of the integrated station. Comparison results with PID and ADRC methods indicate that the proposed strategy outperforms traditional methods in terms of response speed, convergence accuracy, and operational efficiency, and can realize the energy flow management of IHEPS more effectively. According to the results of the RT-Lab semi-physical simulation test, the proposed COG method for electro-hydrogen storage operation control does not have start-up and shut-down dead zones, and can achieve fast and accurate convergence across all operating conditions, reducing the convergence time by about 300 seconds compared to PID and ADRC methods; In the hydrogen-to-electricity generation control process, the steady-state overshoot of the COG method is only 0.128%, which is a reduction of 46.7% and 34% compared to PID and ADRC respectively; throughout the operating process, the operating efficiency of the IHEPS controlled by the proposed COG method increased from 21.2% under PID control or ADRC to 26%, an increase of approximately 22.6%. Therefore, the proposed strategy is superior to traditional methods in response speed, convergence accuracy, and operational efficiency, and can more effectively manage the energy flow in the operation of IHEPS. The conclusions are as follows: (1) This paper proposes a type-box IHEPS that can be combined with renewable energy sources for large-scale consumption of new energy. (2) Based on COG, a control-oriented dynamic model for the IHEPS operation process is established. This model can clearly reflect the relationships between different physical quantities in the integrated power station and characterize the electro-hydrogen-electric operation process of the integrated station. (3) A COG-based control strategy for power and hydrogen flow in the integrated power station has been proposed, realizing the energy flow management of the integrated power station. (4) The results of semi-physical simulation show that compared with the traditional control methods, the proposed control strategy has the advantages of no start-stop dead zone, fast response speed, high convergence accuracy and high operating efficiency.
马利波, 赵洪山, 余洋, 潘思潮. 基于因果序图的氢能一体化电站运行过程建模及能量流控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(16): 5220-5237.
Ma Libo, Zhao Hongshan, Yu Yang, Pan Sichao. Operation Process Modeling and Energy Flow Control Strategy of Integrated Hydrogen Energy Power Station Based on Causal Ordering Graph. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(16): 5220-5237.
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