电工技术学报  2023, Vol. 38 Issue (6): 1447-1459    DOI: 10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.220613
“高转矩性能电机及其系统”专题(特约主编:赵文祥 教授) |
基于分段交错梯形磁极的分数槽集中绕组永磁电机局部切向力的削弱
李泽星1, 夏加宽1, 刘铁法2, 郭志研1, 鲁冰娜1
1.沈阳工业大学电气工程学院 沈阳 110870;
2.中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 沈阳 110169
Reduction of Local Tangential Force of Fractional-Slot Concentrated Winding Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Piecewise Stagger Trapezoidal Poles
Li Zexing1, Xia Jiakuan1, Liu Tiefa2, Guo Zhiyan1, Lu Bingna1
1. School of Electrical Engineering Shenyang University of Technology Shenyang 110870 China;
2. Shenyang Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Science Shenyang 110169 China
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摘要 局部切向电磁力波会通过定子齿的杠杆效应引起定子轭部径向振动,其对振动的贡献可以与径向电磁力波比拟。针对分数槽集中绕组永磁电机的局部切向电磁力波,提出了一种分段交错梯形磁极的削弱方法,该方法可在保证电机转矩密度的前提下,有效削弱局部切向电磁力引起的振动。首先,推导了作用于定子齿部的切向集中力模型,并以一台10极12槽永磁电机为例,分析了局部切向电磁力引起振动的原因。然后,基于有限元模型,分析了分段交错梯形磁极对局部切向电磁力的削弱机理,并对比了优化前后电机的径向力波、电磁转矩以及振动频谱。结果表明,分段交错梯形磁极结构对径向力、切向力均有显著的抑制作用。最后,对优化前后的样机进行振动实验,验证了优化方案的有效性。
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李泽星
夏加宽
刘铁法
郭志研
鲁冰娜
关键词 局部切向电磁力分数槽集中绕组永磁同步电机分段交错梯形磁极有限元模型    
Abstract:The permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) are the most attractive candidates to use as power sources for underwater vehicles due to their inherent high efficiency and high power density. However, as an essential performance for underwater vehicles, concealment is vulnerable to low-frequency vibration and noise caused by PMSMs.
The local tangential electromagnetic force is a vital excitation source. For the fractional slot permanent magnet motor, the local tangential electromagnetic force will cause radial vibration of the stator yoke through the lever effect of stator teeth. Its contribution to vibration can be comparable with that of radial electromagnetic force. Therefore, analyzing and weakening the local tangential electromagnetic force is necessary.
This paper proposes a weakening method of piecewise stagger trapezoidal poles. The magnetic poles are equally divided into two sections in the axial direction, and the two-section magnetic pole is symmetrically distributed along the axial direction. On each rotor surface, two adjacent magnetic poles in the circumferential direction have opposite polarities, and the axial arrangement is reversed. The center of each magnetic pole of the proposed motor is the same as that of the common motor. The shape of the magnetic pole is similar to the trapezoid. The beveled edge of each magnetic pole is continuously skewed, connecting the short and long sides.
Based on the finite element model, the tangential force, tangential moment and main electromagnetic parameters of the common motor without an optimized structure and the proposed motor with the optimized structure are calculated and compared.
The tangential force density curves of the two motors are calculated. Compared with the common motor, the peak-to-peak value of the tangential force density is reduced by 20 % for the proposed motor.
The tangential concentrated force curves and their FFT results of the two motors are calculated. Compared with the common motor, the peak-to-peak value of the tangential concentrated force decreases from 475 N to 370 N, and the amplitudes of the 2nd and 4th harmonics are reduced by 23 % and 42 % for the proposed motor.
The tangential moment curves and their FFT results of the two motors are also calculated. Compared with the common motor, the peak-to-peak value of the tangential moment decreases from 595 mN·m to 415 mN·m, and the amplitudes of the 2nd, 4th, and 6th harmonics are reduced by 25 %, 43 %, and 36 % for the proposed motor.
The electromagnetic torques of the two motors are simulated and compared on load. The average torques of the two motors are 4.21 N·m and 4.26 N·m, respectively, and the torque density of the proposed motor is unchanged.
The vibration acceleration spectra of the two motors at rated speeds are simulated and compared. Compared with the common motor, the reduced proportions of the acceleration amplitude at 2f, 4f, and 6f reach 50.5 %, 51.5 %, and 53.5 % for the proposed motor.
Two prototypes are manufactured, and the vibration experiments are carried out. The trends of the simulated and measured results are consistent. Compared with the common motor, the amplitudes of the vibration acceleration at 2f, 4f, and 6f are reduced significantly for the proposed motor.
The relationship between the torque and current of the two motors is measured. When the phase current reaches the rated current, the average torques of the common and proposed motors are 4.22 N·m and 4.25 N·m, respectively. Therefore, the optimized structure of the piecewise stagger trapezoidal poles can effectively reduce the pole-frequency vibration while ensuring the torque density.
Key wordsLocal tangential force    fractional-slot concentrated winding permanent magnet synchronous machines    piecewise stagger trapezoidal poles    finite element model   
收稿日期: 2021-04-18     
PACS: TM351  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金(52077142, 52177054)和沈阳市中青年科技创新人才支持计划(RC210213)资助项目
通讯作者: 李泽星 男,1992年生,博士研究生,研究方向为永磁电机振动噪声分析及抑制。E-mail: lzxsut@qq.com   
作者简介: 夏加宽 男,1962年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为永磁电机设计及其控制。E-mail: sygdxjk@163.com
引用本文:   
李泽星, 夏加宽, 刘铁法, 郭志研, 鲁冰娜. 基于分段交错梯形磁极的分数槽集中绕组永磁电机局部切向力的削弱[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(6): 1447-1459. Li Zexing, Xia Jiakuan, Liu Tiefa, Guo Zhiyan, Lu Bingna. Reduction of Local Tangential Force of Fractional-Slot Concentrated Winding Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines with Piecewise Stagger Trapezoidal Poles. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(6): 1447-1459.
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https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.220613          https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y2023/V38/I6/1447