基于全过程频率响应与电压稳定性的异构资源电力系统协同优化策略

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.260650

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摘要

为解决高比例新能源系统频率与电压稳定性下降问题,本文在不确定性场景下,兼顾系统鲁棒性与经济性,提出一种基于全过程频率响应与电压稳定性的异构资源协同优化策略。首先,基于等效惯量与功率备用机理,动态建模分析各类新能源的频率支撑特性;其次,在异构资源系统的基础上,分别推导全过程频率响应指标与稳定约束和基于站点相关短路比的电压安全指标及稳定约束;再次,构建两阶段分布鲁棒优化模型,提出基于监督学习的线性拟合方法,将原高维非线性约束线性化。最后,利用仿真进行验证,该策略显著提升了系统频率与电压安全水平,同时大幅降低系统运行成本,将新能源消纳率提升至88.65%。耦合性分析表明,频率约束是决定系统稳定性的主导因素,对经济成本的影响也更为显著。此外,所提监督学习线性化方法,在求解效率与预测精度间取得平衡,也赋予整体策略优异的适用性与扩展性。结果表明,所提策略能够动态匹配系统需求特性,在提升新型电力系统安全性与经济性方面具有双重优势。

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关键词 ：高比例新能源, 全过程频率响应, 电压稳定性, 监督学习, 异构资源, 协同优化

Abstract：

With the continuous increase in high penetration of renewable energy, system frequency and voltage stability issues have become increasingly prominent. Regarding frequency stability, existing studies often lack modeling of the whole-process frequency response and overlook secondary frequency regulation and frequency regulation capacity reserves, while failing to distinguish the differential response characteristics of heterogeneous resources. In terms of voltage stability, approximating the stability of new power systems using the gSCR index poses risks related to voltage dip safety thresholds. Furthermore, there is a lack of collaborative optimization mechanisms for heterogeneous resources under multi-constraint conditions. Current research has neither established detailed dynamic models for the support characteristics of various renewable sources nor thoroughly analyzed the impact of heterogeneous resource dynamics on frequency and voltage stability constraints, along with their coupling effects. Meanwhile, existing linear fitting methods struggle to balance computational efficiency with fitting accuracy, thereby constraining the performance of overall optimization models. To address these gaps, this paper proposes a collaborative optimization strategy for heterogeneous resources based on full-process frequency response and voltage stability.
Initially, dynamic modeling is conducted to analyze the frequency support characteristics of various renewable energy sources. Subsequently, based on the heterogeneous resource system, full-process frequency response indices and stability constraints are derived, alongside voltage security indices and constraints grounded in Site-Dependent Short-Circuit Ratio(SDSCR). Furthermore, a two-stage distributionally robust optimization model is constructed to balance system robustness and economic efficiency, while incorporating a supervised learning-based linear fitting method to linearize the original high-dimensional nonlinear constraints. Finally, mathematical simulations are conducted to validate the proposed optimization strategy.
Simulation results demonstrate that under the worst-case probability distribution, the strategy significantly enhances system frequency and voltage security levels, ensuring sufficient margins for all indices relative to their thresholds. Concurrently, the total system operating cost is substantially reduced, and the renewable energy accommodation rate reaches up to 88.65%. Coupling analysis indicates that when metric ?f_nadir is below 0.75Hz, the voltage stability constraint can be omitted, as the frequency stability constraint alone suffices to maintain adequate voltage strength in high renewable penetration system. Furthermore, the proposed supervised learning-based fitting method determines the optimal linear coefficients within 8.96min with a fitting error constrained to less than 0.5%, thereby ensuring the overall performance of the optimization strategy.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the analysis: (1) Regarding frequency stability enhancement, the full-process frequency response model of heterogeneous resources ensures sufficient frequency regulation capacity, ultimately achieving zero steady-state error. Notably, the dynamic support characteristics of renewable energy sources contribute significantly more to the improvement of frequency stability performance. (2) In terms of voltage stability enhancement, a voltage stability index constructed based on the SDSCR effectively mitigates the weakening effect of renewable energy integration on node voltages, ensuring excellent safety levels for bus voltages across all time periods. Among various measures, synchronous condensers demonstrate a particularly significant role in voltage support. (3) Concerning economic enhancement, the collaborative optimization of heterogeneous resources yields substantial economic benefits while avoiding redundant configuration and energy waste. (4) With respect to indicator coupling, frequency constraints are the dominant factor determining system stability and exert a more pronounced impact on economic costs. Consequently, practical planning necessitates an optimal trade-off between security/stability and economic efficiency. (5) Regarding model advantages, the proposed supervised learning-based linear fitting model achieves a balance between computational efficiency and fitting accuracy, thereby endowing the overall optimization strategy with applicability to large-scale systems and scalability under multi-constraint conditions.

Key words： High penetration renewable energy small-signal stability transient stability supervised learning synchronous condenser coordinated optimal allocation

收稿日期: 2026-04-29

PACS:

TM712

基金资助:

智能电网重大专项(2030)资助（2026ZD0810400）

通讯作者: 铉子逸男,2002年生,博士研究生,研究方向为新能源电力系统无功优化,新能源电力系统分析与控制。E-mail：1263759549@qq.com

作者简介: 李永刚男,1967年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为新能源电力系统分析与控制、大型同步电机故障诊断及分析等。E-mail：lygzxm0@163.com

引用本文:

铉子逸, 李永刚, 李润倩, 郭潇镁, 周一辰. 基于全过程频率响应与电压稳定性的异构资源电力系统协同优化策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 650-. Xuan Ziyi, Li Yonggang, Li Runqian, Guo Xiaomei, Zhou Yichen. Coordinated Optimization Strategy for Heterogeneous Resources in Power Systems Based on Full-Process Frequency Response and Voltage Stability. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 650-.

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