多馈入系统中变流器多样性对系统强度的影响分析

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.242168

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摘要

新能源等装备以电力电子变流器为接口并网,系统电压支撑强度（简称系统强度）表征了电力电子变流器多馈入系统受扰后节点电压抵抗失稳或偏移的能力。工程上大多从单一电网视角来间接表征系统强度。然而,受扰后节点电压响应是系统整体的动态行为,以往方法可能忽视了多变流器的影响。为此,本文首先引入了变流器多样性的概念,以便描述多变流器在运行功率因数、运行状态或跟网型/构网型控制方式等方面的差异化特征对强度的影响;其次,回顾了计及多变流器-电网闭环动态特性的系统强度量化方法,并从电压稳定、同步稳定与抗扰性能分析维度建立了相应的评估指标;然后,对比分析了单一化或多样化变流器运行工况、控制方式等因素对不同维度下系统强度评估指标的影响作用,论证了变流器多样性对系统强度的若干提升规律。最后,仿真算例验证了所提结论的有效性。

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关键词 ：系统强度, 静态电压稳定, 小扰动同步稳定, 抗扰性能, 多馈入系统

Abstract：

Renewable energy and other devices are connected to the grid through the power electronic converter. The system voltage support strength (refferd to as “system strength”)characterizes the ability of power electronic converter-based multi-infeed systems (refferd to as “multi-infeed systems”) to resist voltage instability or deviation at nodes after disturbances. However, in most engineering practice and existing research, the system strength is often indirectly characterized from a single grid perspective, with limited investigation into the influence from grid impedance and network topology. In fact, the post-disturbance node voltage response represents a dynamic behavior of the entire system, and conventional methods may overlook the influence patterns of multi-converter characteristics on system strength. Also, existing studies fail to establish generalized impact mechanisms through which multi-converter characteristics influence system strength, due to the complex interactions among multiple converters. These limitations introduce challenges for planning, operation, and source-grid coordination of multi-infeed systems.
To fill this gap, this paper first introduces the concept of converter diversity to describe how differentiated features of multi-infeed converters—including operating power factors, operational states, and grid-following/grid-forming control strategies—affect system strength. Secondly, we review quantification methods for system strength of the multi-infeed system that consider closed-loop dynamic characteristics of multiple converters and the grid, establishing corresponding evaluation metrics for system strength from three analytical dimensions: voltage stability, synchronization stability, and disturbance rejection capability. Furthermore, we comparatively analyze the impacts of uniform versus diversified converter operating conditions and control strategies on system strength metrics across different dimensions. Through mathematical analysis of the evaluation metrics, we analytically demonstrate several enhancement mechanisms by which converter diversity improves system strength. Finally, simulation cases validate the effectiveness of the analytical results.
The key conclusions can be summarized as follows: 1) Implementing diversified power factor settings among grid-following multiple converters enhances system strength in the static voltage stability demension. This configuration provides superior static voltage stability margin in multi-infeed systems when compared to homogeneous power factor operation scenarios. 2) The diversified operation of grid-following multiple converters in hybrid generation-charging modes (e.g., co-deployment of renewable generation and energy storage systems) enhances system strength in the small-signal synchronization stability demension. This operational strategy achieves improved small-signal synchronization stability margins in multi-infeed systems relative to exclusive generation-mode operation paradigms (e.g., pure renewable energy integration). 3) The diversified control schemes of multiple converters in hybrid grid-following and grid-forming modes enhances system strength in the voltage disturbance rejection capability demension. Compared to homogeneous converter configurations, this heterogeneous converter architecture exhibits enhanced operational adaptability, particularly under varying grid conditions.
Future research will focus on investigating the enhancement patterns of system strength through diversity in control parameters and other factors. This will involve developing optimization strategies for practical engineering applications such as configuration of grid-forming equipment in renewable energy stations.

收稿日期: 2024-12-02

PACS:

TM712

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金联合基金资助项目（U22B6008, U24B6008）

通讯作者: 辛焕海男,1981年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为交直流系统稳定分析与控制、新能源并网稳定分析与控制。E-mail：xinhh@zju.edu.cn

作者简介: 马富艺龙男,1996年生,博士研究生,研究方向为新能源并网稳定分析与控制。E-mail：12210001@zju.edu.cn

引用本文:

马富艺龙, 辛焕海, 李知艺, 黄林彬, 鞠平. 多馈入系统中变流器多样性对系统强度的影响分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 250434-. Ma Fuyilong, Xin Huanhai, Li Zhiyi, Huang Linbin, Ju Ping. Impact Analysis of Converter Diversity on System Strength in Multi-Infeed Power System. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 250434-.

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