Abstract：The quantum measurement of the electric field based on the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect of the Rydberg atom surpasses the limitations of traditional measuring methods in accuracy and sensitivity, offering self-calibration capability. Ideally, the electric fieldismeasured by stationary cold atoms. However, preparing cold atoms requires multi-lasersynergy and gradient magnetic field coils to reduce the atomtemperature, which needs complex experimental setups, precise operational techniques, and expensive equipment. Using hot atoms at room temperature is convenient in engineering applications. However, the atom’s thermal motion affects the relative velocity between atoms and lasers, resulting in the Doppler effect. Accordingly, frequency shifts and deformations in the EIT spectruminterfere with the coherent effect of the electric field. Mitigating the Doppler effectis essential to enhance the quantum measurement accuracy of theelectric field using hot Rydberg atoms. This paper proposes a method to correct the Doppler effect by adjusting the probe and coupling laserfrequencies. The density matrix equation is established based on the multiphot on interaction with atoms. By solving the equation and deriving the mathematical relationship among the absorption rate of the probe laser, the dispersion rate of the probe laser, and the frequency detuning of the coupled laser in the atomic system, an accurate description of the EIT effect is obtained. Then, the relationship between temperature and atomic motion is introduced to quantify the Doppler effect of atomic thermal motion, which convertsatomic thermal motion into the quantity of probe laser and coupled laser frequency detuning. The Doppler effect on the absorbance and dispersion of the atomic system is analyzed. Finally, the EIT spectrum is corrected by reverselyadjusting the input frequency parameters of lasers based on the calculated quantities. Simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the EIT absorption and dispersion curve line is asymmetric with the increase in temperature. Simultaneously, the deformation of the absorption curve reduces the depth of the absorption window and inhomogeneous broadening, leading to a frequency shift in the absorption spectrum. The proposed method corrects the anomalous trend of the dispersion and absorption spectra, eliminating the Doppler effect due to the atom’s thermal motion. The quantum measurement accuracy of the electric field is enhanced based on Rydberg atoms at room temperature, which promotes the engineering application process of quantum measurement.
阎晟, 肖冬萍, 石筑鑫, 张淮清, 刘卫华. 原子热运动对电场量子测量的影响及修正方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 39(10): 2953-2960.
Yan Sheng, Xiao Dongping, Shi Zhuxin, Zhang Huaiqing, Liu Weihua. Study on the Influence of Atomic Thermal Motion on Quantum Measurement of Electric Field and its Correction Method. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 39(10): 2953-2960.
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2024, Vol. 39 
