考虑条件风险价值的公路交通能源系统多能流管控策略

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.231461

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摘要

为了实现公路交通背景下多能源系统和电动汽车换电站的经济运行与利益共赢,本文提出了考虑条件风险价值(Conditional-Value-at-Risk, CVaR)的公路交通能源系统(Highway Traffic Energy System, HTES)多能流管控策略。首先,建立了主从博弈双层优化模型,其中上层模型以最小化HTES的综合成本为目标,对其进行多能流的合理管控与优化定价;在下层模型中,换电站根据HTES制定的价格灵活地调整各电池的充放电功率,在满足电能需求的前提下最小化与HTES进行能量交互的成本。然后基于多场景法,引入CVaR衡量可再生能源出力的不确定性所带来的风险成本。利用Karush-Kuhn-Tucker条件和强对偶定理将原主从博弈双层模型转换为单层混合整数线性规划问题以计算其纳什均衡解,进而获取最优的运行和定价方案。结果表明,所提策略可以兼顾HTES和换电站不同主体间的经济利益,实现运行成本和风险成本的平衡。

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	苏粟
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关键词 ：条件风险价值, 主从博弈, 多能流管控, 公路交通能源系统, 换电站

Abstract：

To steadily promote carbon reduction policies, the development of electric vehicles (EVs) is currently experiencing a period of rapid growth. As a result, incorporating EV battery swapping stations into the highway traffic infrastructure has become one of the means to alleviate range anxiety and meet the fast charge-replenishment needs of EV users during long-distance driving. However, the introduction of battery swapping stations has also brought new challenges to the energy management and economic operation of highway traffic energy systems (HTES). Considering the unique application scenario of highway traffic, there is still a lack of comprehensive exploration regarding the complex relationship between HTES and battery swapping stations, as well as the joint operation and interaction mode between them. To address these gaps, this paper proposes a multi-energy flow management and control strategy for HTES considering conditional value-at-risk (CVaR). By taking into account the benefits of both HTES and battery swapping stations, as well as the uncertainty of renewable energy, this strategy aims to provide energy management and optimized pricing solutions.
Firstly, a Stackelberg game bilevel optimization model is established. In the upper level of the established model, the reasonable control of multi-energy flows and optimal pricing are carried out to minimize the comprehensive cost of HTES. In the lower level, the battery swapping station flexibly schedules the charging and discharging power of each battery according to the price set by HTES, and then minimizes the cost of energy interaction with HTES on the premise of meeting the power demand. Next, based on the multi-scenario method, CVaR is introduced to measure the risk cost caused by the uncertainty of renewable energy output. Then, using the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition and strong duality theorem, the original Stackelberg game bilevel model is transformed into a single-layer mixed integer linear programming problem to solve the Nash equilibrium solution, and hence the optimal operation and pricing scheme is obtained.
Simulation results on a highway service area show that the cost of HTES will increase without participation in the electrolytic tank, fuel cell, hydrogen storage tank and energy storage system, but it will have little impact on the charging and discharging costs of the battery swapping station. Due to wider access ways in electricity compared to hydrogen, power-hydrogen conversion equipment tends to respond more to changes in hydrogen prices. Scenarios without an electrolytic tank have higher costs than those without a fuel cell. Moreover, expanding the pricing range of HTES can improve its pricing flexibility, allowing it to gain more benefits from the charging and discharging behavior of the battery swapping station. This can result in a decrease in the HTES cost and an increase in the battery swapping station cost. If the flexible charging and discharging duration of batteries is increased from 5 hours to 9 hours in the typical day scenario, it can reduce the charging and discharging cost of the battery swapping station by 17.3% and the HTES comprehensive cost by 1.1%. Regarding the analysis of conservation, increasing the risk aversion coefficient from 0.1 to 0.9 will result in a 0.39% decrease in CVaR under the typical day scenario, while the operating cost of HTES will increase by 0.24%. In the holiday scenario, CVaR will correspondingly decrease by 0.26%, while the operating cost of HTES will increase by 0.30%.
The simulation analysis yields the following conclusions: (1) The participation of power-hydrogen conversion equipment, hydrogen storage tank, and energy storage system can effectively improve the energy supply flexibility of HTES, thereby reducing the economic cost of HTES. (2) Expanding the allowed range of charging and discharging prices set by HTES can to some extent reduce the cost of HTES, but it will correspondingly increase the cost of the battery swapping station. If the flexible charging and discharging duration of batteries in the battery swapping station is extended, it can simultaneously reduce the economic costs of HTES and the battery swapping station. However, the duration will be limited by realistic factors such as passenger flow. (3) By adjusting the risk aversion coefficient, strategies with different conservative levels can be formulated to adapt to different operating styles. In summary, the proposed strategy can achieve a win-win situation for different entities and balance the operation cost and risk cost for HTES.

Key words： Conditional value-at-risk Stackelberg game multi-energy flow management and control highway traffic energy system battery swapping station

收稿日期: 2023-09-05

PACS:	TM73
	TK01

基金资助:

国家重点研发计划资助项目（ 2021YFB2601403）

通讯作者: 韦存昊男,1997年生,博士研究生,研究方向为综合能源系统的能量管理与调度、配电网负荷恢复与韧性提升。E-mail：cunhaowei@bjtu.edu.cn

作者简介: 苏粟女,1981年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电动汽车与电网互动、V2G能量管理与优化调度。E-mail：ssu@bjtu.edu.cn

引用本文:

苏粟, 韦存昊, 聂晓波, 李玉璟, 王磊. 考虑条件风险价值的公路交通能源系统多能流管控策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2024, 0(0): 3-. Su Su, Wei Cunhao, Nie Xiaobo, Li Yujing, Wang Lei. Multi-energy Flow Management and Control Strategy for Highway Traffic Energy System Considering Conditional-Value-at-Risk. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2024, 0(0): 3-.

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