直流微电网集成式高品质协同控制策略

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221387

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摘要基于一致性算法的直流微电网协同控制仅需相邻分布式电源的关键运行信息,即可实现全局电压调节和功率按容分配,是微电网控制的有效手段。然而,现有方案消耗大量通信资源且控制环节设计繁杂,限制了其应用。针对上述问题,提出了一种集成式协同控制策略,将电压调节器和电流调节器集成为一体,降低了系统的通信依赖,简单有效地实现了控制目标。在此基础上,采用了改进一致性算法,使得系统对测量噪声以及初始化条件具有强鲁棒性。考虑到高开环增益下系统不稳定与低开环增益下控制性能欠佳这一矛盾,进一步提出一种双曲正切-比例非线性控制器,扩大了参数选择范围,提升了系统控制品质。此外,建立了直流微电网状态空间的全局模型,证明了系统的输入-状态稳定性,并阐明了控制器参数对系统稳定性的影响。最后,通过硬件在环（Hardware-in-loop, HiL）实验,对所提方法进行了多工况测试。结果表明,所提方法可在保证系统“即插即用”能力的前提下,实现高品质的电压调节和功率分配。

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关键词 ：直流微电网, 分布式协同控制, 分布式发电, 一致性算法, 非线性控制

Abstract：The cooperative control of DC microgrids based on consensus algorithm can make each distributed generation to achieve voltage regulation and power sharing by capacity, which only required key operating information of neighboring units. But most of the existing control strategies have the following problems: 1) Each distributed node needs to obtain the voltage and current information of neighboring nodes from the communication network, which requires higher communication bandwidth. 2)The complex coupling of two PI controllers which are used to achieve the control objectives of voltage and power respectively makes the setting of controller parameters tedious. 3) The voltage observer based on classical consensus algorithm need to follow the initialization conditions strictly and cannot guarantee the plug and play characteristics of the system. Therefore, to address these issues, this paper proposes an integrated high-quality cooperative control strategy of DC microgrids.
Firstly, the voltage and current regulators are integrated, which can achieve control goals more simply and drop out the need for current information of neighboring units. Secondly, the improved consensus algorithm is adopted to make the system robust to the measurement noise and initialization conditions. Thirdly, considering the contradiction between system instability under high open-loop gain and poor control performance under low open-loop gain, a hyperbolic tangent-proportional nonlinear controller is proposed to enlarge the parameter selection range and improve the control quality of the system. Finally, a global model of the DC microgrid considering the cyber network is established in the form of a state-space-model. The input-to-state stability analysis is carried out. Meanwhile the influence of controller parameters on system stability is illustrated in the round.
The hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) experiment verifies the control effect of the proposed method and the performance of the proposed method under various working conditions, including communication failure, the plug and play characteristics, local load changes, different communication network topologies. The results show that the proposed cooperative control strategy can realize accurate voltage regulation and power sharing within 0.3s. In the face of bus load or local load changes, it shows good transient performance and steady state accuracy. Meanwhile, because of the proposed hyperbolic tangent-proportional nonlinear control, the initial shock of system adjustment has been effectively suppressed and the steady-state accuracy of the system has been effectively improved. The voltage observer with consensus algorithm can greatly reduce the influence of measurement noise and doesn't require strict initialization. When any node enters or exits the system, the system can still redistribute power automatically and accurately. In addition, the proposed method is resilient to communication failure and different communication network topologies. All the above results show the superiority of the proposed method.
The conclusion of this paper can be drawn as follows: (1) The proposed voltage observer with improved consensus algorithm is robust to measurement noise and initialization conditions, which can improve the quality of control and guarantee the plug and play capacity. (2) The proposed cooperative control strategy can realize accurately voltage regulation and power sharing. Compared with the classic control method, it can reduce communication traffic half in theory. (3) The proposed hyperbolic tangent-proportional nonlinear controller can alleviate the contradiction between control quality and system stability. It is simple and effective to improve the control quality.

Key words： DC microgrid distributed cooperative control distributed generation consensus algorithm nonlinear control

收稿日期: 2022-07-19

PACS:

TM732

基金资助:深圳市科技计划（JCYJ20210324132616040）、山东省重点研发计划（重大科技创新工程）（2019JZZY020805）和国家自然科学基金（52277192、52277191）资助项目

通讯作者: 李真女,1983年生,博士研究生,副研究员,研究方向为宽禁带半导体器件可靠性、新能源变流装备与系统检-容错控制。E-mail:zhenli0901@sdu.edu.cn

作者简介: 张昊男,1999年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为分布式发电与微网。E-mail：zhang.hao@mail.sdu.edu.cn

引用本文:

张昊, 李昱, 尹亚飞, 李真, 张祯滨. 直流微电网集成式高品质协同控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 51-51. Zhang Hao, Li Yu, Yin Yafei, Li Zhen, Zhang Zhenbin. An Integrated High-Quality Cooperative Control Strategy of DC Microgrids. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 51-51.

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