局部放电UHF脉冲的时频特征提取与聚类分析

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摘要制作了4种人工缺陷模型模拟典型的局部放电源,并进行局部放电试验采集UHF脉冲信号。引入S变换（ST）对局部放电的UHF脉冲进行时频分析,探索不同放电源脉冲的聚类分离。算法首先对UHF脉冲进行S变换,并采用非负矩阵分解（NMF）对S变换幅值矩阵进行分解得到频域基向量和时域位置向量,从中提取尖锐度、导数平方和、信息熵以及稀疏度等特征参量,构造出能充分反映局部放电时频信息的特征空间,最后利用模糊C均值算法对提取的特征向量进行聚类得到放电源脉冲的聚类结果。对试验数据的分析结果表明,提取的ST时频特征能够有效实现不同局部放电源脉冲的聚类,当NMF参数r=2时,10维时频特征能够取得最高为90.33%的聚类正确率;与常用的Wigner-Ville分布（WVD）相比,ST具有更好的聚类效果;当存在复杂的多重信号折反射时,本文提出的时频特征聚类结果较差,需要进行进一步的研究。

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关键词 ：局部放电, 脉冲聚类, S变换, 非负矩阵分解, 模糊C均值

Abstract：In this paper, four types of artificial defect models are used to generate typical PD sources, and laboratory PD experiments are performed to measure the UHF pulses. S transform(ST) is introduced to present a time-frequency analysis of partial discharge(PD) UHF pulses to explore PD sources separation. In the proposed method, ST is firstly applied to the UHF pulses of PD, and non-negative matrix factorization(NMF) is utilized to decompose the S transform amplitude matrix into a number of base vectors in frequency domain and location vectors in time domain. Then, a few parameters such as sharpness, sum of derivative, information entropy and sparsity are extracted from various base and location vectors, forming a PD feature space which can fully reflect the time- frequency information of the UHF Pulses. Finally, a fuzzy C means(FCM) algorithm is used to perform the clustering of extracted feature vectors. Clustering results of the experimental samples show that the UHF pulses from different sources can be effectively separated by the extracted time-frequency feature vectors. The highest successful clustering rate of 90.33% is obtained by the 10-dimensional feature vectors when NMF parameter r=2. In addition, ST can make better clustering accuracies than traditional Wigner-Ville distribution(WVD). The clustering performances of the proposed time- frequency features would be dramatically influenced when multiple refraction and reflection exists, and further investigations should be presented.

Key words： Partial discharge pulses clustering S transform non-negative matrix factorization fuzzy C means

收稿日期: 2013-09-16 出版日期: 2015-04-14

PACS:

TM835

基金资助:国家创新研究群体基金(51021005)和国家自然科学基金(51277187)资助项目

作者简介: 汪可男,1987年生,博士研究生,工程师,从事高电压与绝缘技术及变压器相关技术研究。廖瑞金男,1963年生,教授,博士生导师,主要从事电气设备绝缘在线监测与故障诊断研究和高电压测试技术工作。

引用本文:

汪可,廖瑞金,王季宇,杨丽君,李剑. 局部放电UHF脉冲的时频特征提取与聚类分析[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30(2): 211-219. Wang Ke,Liao Ruijin,Wang Jiyu,Yang Lijun,Li Jian. Time-Frequency Features Extraction and Clustering Analysis of Partial Discharge UHF Pulses. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2015, 30(2): 211-219.

链接本文:

http://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y2015/V30/I2/211

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