基于群决策-改进AHP碳绿协同的火电机组多工况能量调控

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251421

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摘要

电力系统低碳转型背景下,火电机组亟需提升调控灵活性并降低碳排放。针对现有碳交易机制中固定定价难以反映多主体竞争关系及火电机组运行灵活性不足的问题,亟需构建融合物理灵活性与市场激励机制的协同优化框架。本文提出一种考虑群决策融合的改进AHP碳绿协同机制的火电机组多工况能量调控模型。首先,通过高/低压缸与锅炉间配置储热装置实现热电解耦与热能梯级利用,利用“热能缓冲”技术降低碳排放;其次,基于群决策-改进AHP方法构建考虑竞争、风险和政策因素的碳定价模型,并与绿证交易形成协同机制;最后,通过量化分析碳绿协同机制与系统最优弃能率之间的动态耦合关系,建立以经济性最优和弃风、弃光最优为目标的两阶段优化模型。IEEE30节点系统仿真表明,所提模型可有效地刻画各利益主体参与碳交易市场的联系与提升火电机组调控性能,验证了其在促进电力系统低碳经济运行方面的优越性。

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	杨冬锋
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关键词 ：群决策-改进AHP, 碳绿协同, 梯级利用, 热能缓冲, 最优弃能, 碳交易定价

Abstract：

Under the background of the low-carbon transition of power systems, thermal power units are in urgent need of improving dispatch flexibility and reducing carbon emissions. Aiming at the problems that the fixed pricing in the existing carbon trading mechanism is difficult to reflect the competitive relationship among multiple subjects and the insufficient operational flexibility of thermal power units, it is necessary to construct a collaborative optimization framework that integrates physical flexibility and market incentive mechanisms. This paper proposes a multi-operating-mode energy dispatch model for thermal power units based on an improved AHP carbon-green synergy mechanism considering group decision-making integration.
Firstly, thermal-electric decoupling and cascade utilization of thermal energy are realized by configuring thermal storage devices between high/low-pressure cylinders and boilers, and "thermal energy buffering" technology is used to reduce carbon emissions. Secondly, based on the group decision-making-improved AHP method, a carbon pricing model considering competition, risk and policy factors is constructed, which forms a synergistic mechanism with green certificate trading. Finally, by quantifying and analyzing the dynamic coupling relationship between the carbon-green synergy mechanism and the system's optimal energy curtailment rate, a two-stage optimization model with the goals of optimal economy and optimal wind and solar curtailment is established. Simulation on the IEEE 30-bus system is carried out to verify the model.
In the research, a dual-circuit molten salt thermal storage system is integrated into the thermal power unit. A high-temperature molten salt thermal storage device is set between the boiler and the high-pressure cylinder to adjust the turbine power by absorbing/releasing the waste heat of the boiler; a low-temperature molten salt thermal storage device is arranged between the low-pressure cylinder and the boiler to recover the waste heat of the exhaust steam of the low-pressure cylinder for preheating the feed water and returning it to the boiler, so as to reduce the dependence on the heat provided by the combustion of chemical fuels. Based on the coupling mechanism between the thermal power unit and the high-low temperature molten salt thermal storage system, a mathematical model of the thermal power unit integrated with thermal storage function is established. For the carbon trading pricing, the group decision-making-improved AHP method is adopted. A three-level decision-making mechanism involving policy makers, industry experts and market subject representatives is constructed to comprehensively consider the proportion allocation based on the professional advantages of different subjects. The improved AHP method optimizes from two aspects: introducing a dynamic consistency check mechanism to adjust the judgment matrix through real-time feedback, and integrating fuzzy logic and rough set theory to break through the limitation of fixed hierarchical structure. Meanwhile, the three-scale method is used to replace the traditional nine-scale method to reduce the impact of subjectivity on the evaluation results, and the optimal transfer matrix is used to directly construct the judgment matrix to avoid the consistency check link.
Through theoretical analysis and case simulation, the following conclusions are drawn: 1) The carbon trading pricing method based on group decision-making-improved AHP can break through the limitations of fixed pricing and provide decision support for thermal power enterprises to participate in the carbon market. 2) Coupling high and low temperature molten salt thermal storage devices with thermal power units can improve operational economy and environmental protection, verifying the "thermal energy buffering" effect of molten salt thermal storage. 3) The carbon-green collaborative interaction mechanism combined with the optimal energy curtailment rate can promote the low-carbon transition of the power system, and its application needs to be combined with local green certificate trading policies and specific scenarios.

Key words： Group decision- improved AHP carbon-green synergistic interaction cascade utilization thermal energy buffering optimal energy curtailment carbon trading pricing

收稿日期: 2025-08-13

PACS:

TM73

基金资助:

吉林省科技发展计划资助项目（20250203180SF）

通讯作者: 刘浩楠男,2001出生,硕士研究生,通信作者,研究方向为电力系统优化运行。E-mail：liuhaonan1609@126.com

作者简介: 杨冬锋男,1976年出生,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为大规模新能源接入电力系统的优化调度与控制、直流保护技术等。E-mail：ydfnedu@126.com

引用本文:

杨冬锋, 刘浩楠, 付小标, 刘晓军, 姜超. 基于群决策-改进AHP碳绿协同的火电机组多工况能量调控[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 32-. Yang Dongfeng, Liu Haonan, Fu Xiaobiao, Liu Xiaoju, Jiang Chao. Employing a Group Decision-Making Enhanced AHP Carbon-Green Synergy Mechanism for Multi-Operating-Mode Energy Dispatch of Thermal Power Units. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 32-.

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