跟网/构网型直驱风场经MMC-HVDC送出系统的振荡分析与抑制策略研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251738

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摘要

工程实践表明,引入构网型控制后,风场经柔直送出系统仍会存在振荡问题。然而,现有振荡抑制策略大多基于构网型变流器单独并网运行而制定,难以完全适用于柔直送出系统。同时,现有策略多基于单一运行工况设计,在变风速下的振荡抑制效果可能受限。为此,本文以跟网/构网型直驱风场经MMC-HVDC送出系统为研究对象,考虑了系统内部的频率耦合现象,提出了送出系统等效阻抗的构建方法。然后,从构网型风机容量占比和运行风速两方面,分析了送出系统振荡特征。最后,针对系统次/超同步振荡问题,以构网型风机为控制对象,提出了基于并网电流前馈的振荡抑制策略,并在MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真平台中进行了有效性验证。

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关键词 ：构网型控制, 直驱风机, MMC-HVDC, 次/超同步振荡, 抑制策略

Abstract：

For the grid-following/grid-forming (GFL/GFM) direct-drive wind farm integration system via modular multilevel converter-based high-voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) transmission, current research has mainly focused on scenarios where GFL/GFM converters are directly connected to the power grid. There is a lack of equivalent impedance modeling methods suitable for the GFL/GFM direct-drive wind farm integration system via MMC-HVDC. Meanwhile, existing oscillation suppression strategies are primarily designed for the standalone grid-connected operation of GFM converters, making them difficult to be fully applied to the aforementioned wind farm integration system. In addition, the existing strategies are targeted at relatively single operating conditions and may have limitations in handling multi-condition scenarios caused by wind speed variations. To address these issues, this paper first considers the frequency coupling phenomenon within the transmission system and establishes an equivalent impedance model of the system. Simultaneously, an oscillation suppression strategy based on grid-connected current feedforward is proposed, and its effectiveness is verified using the MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation platform.
Firstly, based on the impedance models of GFL direct-drive wind turbines, GFM direct-drive wind turbines, AC transmission lines, and the sending-end MMC, the GFM permanent magnet synchronous generator (GFM-PMSG), MMC, and AC transmission lines are regarded as an integrated unit, collectively referred to as the parallel system. The equivalent impedances of the GFL-PMSG and the parallel system are calculated respectively. The accuracy of the established impedance models is verified by comparing the model-derived results with the simulation frequency sweep outcomes. Then, based on the impedance analysis method, a stability criterion for the transmission system is derived.
Subsequently, this section conducts further stability analysis of the transmission system from two aspects: the capacity proportion of GFM wind turbines and the wind speed of the wind farm. On the one hand, when the capacity proportion of GFM-PMSG is relatively low, it may introduce new oscillation risks to the system in the frequency band near the power frequency. The oscillation frequency generated in this case is significantly different from that induced by the standalone grid connection of GFL-PMSG. Although increasing the proportion of GFM-PMSG can avoid oscillations near the power frequency, it will raise the capital investment cost of wind farm construction. On the other hand, in the wind farm integration system via MMC-HVDC, when the wind farm is fully equipped with GFL wind turbines, the system faces the risk of oscillation instability under high wind speed conditions. The integration of a certain capacity of GFM wind turbines can ensure the stable operation of the transmission system under high wind speeds. Nevertheless, when the proportion of GFL wind turbines is relatively high, the transmission system will be exposed to new oscillation risks under low wind speed conditions.
Finally, by analyzing the influence of disturbance propagation paths of each component on the system impedance, this paper identifies the dominant propagation paths that exert a primary impact on the oscillation-prone frequency bands. An oscillation suppression strategy based on grid-connected current feedforward is proposed, whose core principle is as follows: a reverse disturbance signal is superimposed on the output channel of the current inner loop, and this signal is generated by processing the dq-axis components of the inductor current disturbance through the current inner loop. The control structure is improved through the above method to reshape the system impedance and enhance the system damping in the oscillation-prone frequency bands. Then, the MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation platform is employed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed suppression strategy for oscillations arising under different scenarios. The research results indicate that the proposed grid-connected current feedforward-based oscillation suppression strategy can simultaneously suppress the oscillations induced by both GFL-PMSG and GFM-PMSG in the transmission system, and achieve oscillation suppression under multiple operating conditions of the transmission system when wind speed changes.

Key words： GFM control PMSG MMC-HVDC sub/super-synchronous oscillation suppression strategy

PACS:

TM46

通讯作者: 刘俊良男,1993年生,助理研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为新能源接入电网稳定性、变换器拓扑与控制技术。E-mail：ljl@cqu.edu.cn

作者简介: 杨宏钧男,1999年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为新能源并网系统稳定性分析与控制。E-mail：yhongjun@stu.cqu.edu.cn

引用本文:

杨宏钧, 刘俊良, 涂银钢, 杜雄, 邹小明. 跟网/构网型直驱风场经MMC-HVDC送出系统的振荡分析与抑制策略研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 13-. Yang Hongjun, Liu Junliang, Tu Yingang, Du Xiong, Zou Xiaoming. Oscillation Analysis and Research of Suppression Strategy of Grid-Following/Grid-Forming PMSG-based Wind Farm Transmitted System Through MMC-HVDC. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 13-.

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