基于暂态零序导纳轨迹几何特征的谐振接地配电网高阻接地故障选线方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251724

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摘要

针对谐振接地配电网中高阻接地故障特征微弱、传统选线方法易受运行工况与测量误差影响的问题,本文提出了一种基于暂态零序导纳轨迹几何特征的故障选线新方法。该方法将暂态导纳的全过程信息映射为复平面上的运动轨迹,提取其轨迹长度与位移长度作为核心几何特征。在此基础上,构建了基于“故障定性-精确定位-冲突决策”的三阶段诊断框架：首先,引入基于成对轨迹差异分析对故障类型进行初步判断,以区分支路故障及母线故障;其次针对支路故障,利用主成分分析（Principal Component Analysis,PCA）自适应策略融合双特征精确定位候选线路;最后引入归一化累计曲率（Normalized Accumulated Curvature,NAC）指标对前两阶段出现的诊断冲突进行最终决策。基于真型实验平台、PSCAD/EMTDC仿真和现场实测数据的验证结果显示,所提方法在不同故障电弧特性、补偿方式和高过渡电阻下均能准确识别故障线路,在多种复杂工况下均表现出高鲁棒性和准确性。

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	钟溪林
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关键词 ：高阻接地故障, 故障选线, 暂态零序导纳, 轨迹几何特征, 归一化累计曲率（NAC）

Abstract：

High-impedance grounding faults (HIGFs) in resonant-grounded distribution networks are difficult to detect because the fault current is weak, highly nonlinear, and easily masked by system noise or load unbalance. Traditional fault feeder selection methods based on steady-state quantities or single-parameter thresholds often fail under such conditions. To address these challenges, a fault feeder selection method based on the geometric features of transient zero-sequence admittance trajectories is proposed.
To ensure the precise capture of transient signals, a fault startup criterion combining Mallat wavelet decomposition and the Teager energy operator is established. A 20 ms detection window is utilized to lock the fault onset time and trigger the subsequent analysis. The instantaneous phasors of zero-sequence voltage and current were obtained through a sliding-window fast Fourier transform (FFT) over five power-frequency cycles. These phasors are mapped onto the complex plane to construct dynamic admittance trajectories. Two rotation-invariant geometric parameters, the trajectory length (L_k) and displacement length (D_k), were extracted to describe the dynamic evolution of the fault response. The L_k quantifies the fluctuation intensity, while D_k represents the net variation, utilizing the integral smoothing effect of the geometric path to suppress high-frequency noise.
On this basis, a three-stage diagnostic framework was established. In the first stage, pairwise trajectory-difference analysis was applied to distinguish feeder faults from busbar faults. A difference matrix is constructed based on the relative outlier degree of transient behaviors. The coefficient of variation (CV) and the maximum-to-mean ratio (MMR) of the feature distribution serve as statistical indicators. Optimized via the Youden index, specific thresholds are set to identify system heterogeneity caused by branch faults. In the second stage, principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to fuse multi-feature information adaptively. Based on the Pearson correlation coefficient between L_k and D_k, the method automatically selects between weighted arithmetic and geometric means to generate a Fused Fault Index (FFI), positioning the candidate faulty line. In the third stage, a normalized accumulated curvature (NAC) index was designed to resolve diagnostic conflicts in marginal scenarios, such as under-compensation conditions where healthy line currents increase. The NAC utilizes vector cross-products to measure the rotational consistency of admittance trajectories. Healthy feeders exhibit unidirectional rotation (NAC ≈ 1), whereas faulty feeders display disordered bidirectional rotation (NAC ≈ 0).
The proposed method was verified through laboratory experiments on a 10 kV real-type experimental platform, PSCAD/EMTDC simulations, and field data from a 110 kV substation. Results from the physical platform showed that the method maintained 100% accuracy for transition resistances up to 2000 Ω and 96% accuracy at 3000 Ω. Simulation tests demonstrated that the accuracy remained above 98% even under extreme conditions, such as a 6000 Ω fault at the end of a 30 km line. Crucially, the method exhibited strict immunity to Zero-Sequence Current Transformer (ZCT) polarity reversal due to the rotational invariance of the geometric features, achieving 100% accuracy in polarity error tests. Additionally, the approach showed robustness against varying arc physical properties and compensation modes.
In conclusion, this study establishes a unified geometric framework for analyzing transient fault characteristics. The results demonstrate that the trajectory-based admittance analysis, combined with morphological curvature indicators, provides a resilient solution for HIGF detection, independent of precise phase synchronization or specific compensation states.

Key words： High-impedance grounding fault faulty feeder selection transient zero-sequence admittance geometric features of trajectories normalized accumulated curvature (NAC)

收稿日期: 2025-10-09

PACS:

TM614

基金资助:

福建省自然科学基金资助项目（2023J05106）

通讯作者: 高伟男,1983年生,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电力系统及设备故障诊断。E-mail：80201931@qq.com

作者简介: 钟溪林女,2001年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为配电网单相接地故障诊断。E-mail：1208584601@qq.com

引用本文:

钟溪林, 高伟, 李晓芳, 杨耿杰. 基于暂态零序导纳轨迹几何特征的谐振接地配电网高阻接地故障选线方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 12-. Zhong Xilin, Gao Wei, Li Xiaofang, Yang Gengjie. A Fault Feeder Selection Method for High-Impedance Grounding Faults in Resonant-Grounded Distribution Networks Based on Geometric Features of Transient Zero-Sequence Admittance Trajectories. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 12-.

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