改进能量函数驱动的直驱风机并网系统暂态同步稳定控制

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.251456

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摘要

在我国能源结构转型背景下,风电占比提升使电力系统呈现“双高”特征,风电并网系统暂态同步稳定性面临挑战。为此,针对直驱风电并网系统中故障穿越（LVRT）期间的暂态同步稳定控制问题,分析直驱风机并网系统的控制结构与假设条件,建立暂态同步稳定数学模型,针对传统能量函数法忽略阻尼作用的不足,提出引入有效动能修正的改进能量函数并得到稳定域。基于稳定域边界特性,揭示影响暂态同步稳定性的关键因素,提出稳定控制策略及参数整定方法。通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真与物理实验验证,结果表明,所提方法能有效提升风电并网系统暂态同步稳定性。

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关键词 ：风电并网系统, 暂态同步稳定性, 能量函数, 锁相环, 稳定控制

Abstract：

Transient synchronous stability during low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) presents a critical challenge for grid-connected direct-drive wind turbine systems. Conventional stability assessment methods based on energy functions often yield excessively conservative results, a limitation that can be traced to their neglect of damping effects. This paper proposes a novel transient synchronous stability control method based on an improved energy function. The central contribution is the construction of an improved energy function that incorporates the cumulative effect of system damping through an effective kinetic energy correction term. This formulation directly reduces the conservatism in stability region estimation. Building on this analytical foundation, a dedicated phase-locked loop (PLL) control strategy, which does not require precise real-time estimation of grid parameters, is subsequently developed.
The research was conducted in three stages. First, the control structure and assumptions of the grid-connected direct-drive wind turbine system were analyzed to establish a mathematical model for transient synchronous stability. The stability region was derived using the conventional energy function method, and its limitations were analyzed. To address the core flaw of this method, specifically its omission of damping, an effective kinetic energy correction term was introduced. This enabled the formulation of an improved energy function accounting for cumulative damping, from which a revised stability region was theoretically derived, effectively mitigating the conservatism of the traditional approach. Second, based on the boundary characteristics of this improved stability region, the key factors constraining the stability boundary are analyzed in depth. It is determined that the nonlinear characteristics of damping and unbalanced power constitute a primary factor constraining the transient synchronous stability boundary of the wind-integrated system, and the underlying constraining mechanism is elucidated. Consequently, a transient synchronous stability control strategy based on an improved PLL is proposed, along with a clear methodology for parameter setting. Finally, the effectiveness and adaptability of the proposed control strategy under multiple fault scenarios are comprehensively validated through MATLAB/Simulink simulation, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing, and physical experiments.
Simulation and experimental results confirm the efficacy of the proposed method. In fault scenarios where the grid voltage sagged to 65 V (with a stable equilibrium point, SEP) and 45 V (without an SEP), systems employing a conventional PLL lost synchronism, whereas systems with the proposed control maintained stable operation. The proposed strategy sustained synchronous stability for voltages above 40 V, extending the practical stability boundary by approximately 13.4% compared to the static stability boundary of 46.17 V. Furthermore, in compound fault scenarios involving simultaneous voltage sag and increased grid inductance, the proposed strategy maintained stability where conventional control failed. Consistent results from HIL testing and physical experiments verified the strategy's robustness across different experimental platforms.
This study leads to three main conclusions: (1) The proposed improved energy function provides a less conservative and more accurate estimation of the transient stability region compared to traditional methods. (2) The nonlinear characteristics of damping and unbalanced power are the principal factors constraining the transient synchronous stability boundary. (3) The proposed control strategy effectively maintains system synchronization across various fault scenarios without relying on precise grid parameter estimation, thereby enhancing the system's LVRT capability.

Key words： Grid-connected wind power system transient synchronous stability energy function phase-locked loop (PLL) stabilizing control

收稿日期: 2025-08-18

PACS:

TM712

基金资助:

国家重点研发计划项目（2023YFB4203200; 2023YFB4203204）、中国南方电网有限责任公司科技项目（1500002023030103FZ00101）资助

通讯作者: 刘其辉男,1974年生,副教授,博士,研究方向新能源发电并网运行与控制。E-mail：liuqihuifei@163.com

作者简介: 李开心女,2001年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为新能源并网系统稳定分析与控制。E-mail：likaixin10@126.com

引用本文:

李开心, 贺鹏飞, 刘其辉, 蔡希鹏, 朱益华. 改进能量函数驱动的直驱风机并网系统暂态同步稳定控制[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 20251456-. Li Kaixin, Liu Qihui, Cai Xipeng, Zhu Yihua. Transient Synchronous Stability Control for Grid-Connected Direct-Drive Wind Turbine System Driven by Improved Energy Function. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 20251456-.

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