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| Robust Harmonic Source Determination and Parameter Decoupling for Converter Stations Based on Filter Switching Disturbances |
| Gao Min1, Zhu Mingxing1, Chen Xuekun2, Jiao Yadong1, Wu Changzhen1 |
1. School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Anhui University Hefei 230601 China;
2. Shenzhen Power Supply Co., Ltd. Shenzhen 518001 China |
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Abstract The meshed topology of converter-station AC grids and the coupling among multiple harmonic sources prevent the Norton-equivalent parameters of individual transmission lines from being measured directly. Consequently, harmonic source determination based solely on harmonic currents measured at the point of common coupling may lead to an inequitable allocation of harmonic responsibility. To address this issue, this paper proposes a method for robust harmonic source determination and parameter decoupling for converter stations based on filter switching disturbances.
First, the adaptive switching of passive filter banks in converter stations is exploited as a natural disturbance source. Analytical expressions are derived for the generalized system harmonic impedance and the Norton-equivalent parameters of individual transmission lines, enabling the decoupling of harmonic source parameters and the quantification of harmonic responsibility under multi-source coupling without requiring additional disturbances. Second, the effects of random harmonic source fluctuations and sampling start-point offsets on the accuracy of Norton parameter decoupling are quantitatively analyzed. Morris global sensitivity analysis is introduced to reveal the relative influence of different error sources on harmonic responsibility metrics and to identify the dominant factors. On this basis, a reliability verification method for parameter decoupling is proposed using all-combination sample datasets and the coefficient of variation (CV) of the background harmonic voltage. Finally, a CV-weighted comprehensive evaluation method for harmonic responsibility is developed to reduce the uncertainty in responsibility quantification caused by random harmonic source fluctuations and sampling start-point offsets.
Simulation results show that, at a sampling rate of 12.8 kHz, sampling start-point offsets have a greater influence on the calculation errors of harmonic responsibility metrics when the harmonic source fluctuation rate is below 2%. The resulting errors increase approximately linearly with increasing harmonic order or decreasing sampling rate. When the fluctuation rate exceeds 2%, the dynamic time-varying characteristics of the harmonic sources become the dominant error source. The widths of the 95% confidence intervals for the harmonic responsibility metrics exhibit an approximately positive linear relationship with the CV of the background harmonic voltage. Maintaining the CV of the background harmonic voltage below 5% confines the 95% confidence intervals of both the harmonic voltage contribution rate of the dominant harmonic source and the harmonic voltage coefficient to within ±10% of their respective mean values. Application to a 500 kV converter station demonstrates that, compared with an unweighted method based on a single sampling event, the proposed method reduces the 95% confidence interval widths of the harmonic voltage contribution rates of individual transmission lines by approximately 71.3% and those of the harmonic voltage coefficients by approximately 66.8%.
The following conclusions are drawn from the theoretical analysis and application validation: (1) The adaptive switching of passive filter banks in converter stations can serve as a natural disturbance source for decoupling multiple harmonic source parameters and quantifying harmonic responsibility, thereby avoiding the misallocation of harmonic responsibility caused by multi-source coupling. (2) Errors in harmonic source parameter decoupling and harmonic responsibility metrics arise primarily from random harmonic source fluctuations and sampling start-point offsets. Increasing the sampling rate and the number of statistical samples can effectively suppress the effects of these errors. (3) The CV of the background harmonic voltage can serve as a reliability criterion for parameter decoupling and harmonic responsibility quantification, while CV-weighted comprehensive evaluation can mitigate the influence of random factors associated with individual switching events.
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Received: 08 April 2026
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