构网型新能源与静止无功发生器并联系统暂态电压耦合机理与支撑策略

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.260622

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Abstract

Under high-penetration renewable energy grid integration, system inertia and reactive power support are significantly reduced, resulting in low damping and low short-circuit capacity. Grid-forming (GFM) converters are widely adopted for their capability to emulate synchronous generator behavior and provide voltage and frequency support at the point of common coupling (PCC). However, under large disturbances such as short-circuit faults or the switching of large-capacity units, GFM converters themselves face risks of power-angle instability and current saturation. Additionally, complex transient power coupling and dynamic interactions with static var generators (SVG) can arise through grid impedance. Thus, the transient interaction mechanisms and coordinated control strategies for GFM-SVG parallel systems under large disturbances require in-depth and systematic investigation.
This paper investigates the coordinated operation of a GFM-SVG system in renewable energy plants, focusing on transient interaction mechanisms and the development of a coordinated control strategy. A joint operation model of the GFM-SVG system is first established. Based on the power-angle characteristic equation and the nodal voltage equation, the transient power characteristics are analyzed, revealing that SVG reactive current affects GFM transient stability through a power coupling term. This coupling term dynamically affects GFM active and reactive power outputs via the PCC voltage phase angle. The phase plane method is then employed to examine the influence of key GFM control parameters—specifically, virtual inertia, damping coefficient, reactive power-voltage droop coefficient, and reactive integral coefficient—on transient voltage support capability under power-angle stability constraints. The equal area criterion is further applied to explain how transient energy interaction affects GFM stability margins. Based on these analyses, a transient stability enhancement control strategy is proposed, combining fast active power regulation with coordinated reactive voltage support. Under large disturbances, following SVG reactive power injection, the GFM active power reference is dynamically reduced to suppress power-angle acceleration, while the reactive power-voltage droop coefficient is adaptively increased according to the PCC voltage deviation severity. This dual adjustment jointly optimizes the transient energy balance and voltage support capability of the parallel system. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed coordinated control strategy effectively suppresses GFM power-angle divergence and power oscillations, enhancing the transient stability and low-voltage ride-through capability of the GFM-SVG system.
The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The reactive current output from SVG, coupled through grid impedance, modifies the GFM output power and power-angle characteristics. During grid voltage sags, rapid reactive support from SVG elevates the PCC voltage and the GFM electromagnetic power curve, which constitutes the physical basis for enhancing system transient stability. (2) Phase plane analysis indicates that the transient voltage support capability of GFM depends strongly on its power-angle stability status. Increasing SVG reactive power output, raising the reactive power-voltage droop coefficient, and appropriately adjusting the reactive integral coefficient can all enhance the transient voltage support strength of the parallel system. Conversely, excessive virtual inertia exacerbates power-angle deviation, weakens voltage support, and may lead to instability. (3) A coordinated active-reactive transient control strategy is proposed, triggered by the PCC voltage condition after SVG compensation. By dynamically reducing the GFM active power reference and adaptively enhancing the reactive power-voltage droop coefficient, the strategy achieves joint optimization of transient energy balance and voltage level.

Key words： Grid-forming renewable energy Static var generator Transient coupling Voltage support Coordinated support strategy

Received: 26 April 2026

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TM712

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	Zhou Delu
	Zhao Shichang
	Geng Zhi
	Zhao Zhengkui
	Su Xiaoling

Cite this article:

Zhou Delu,Zhao Shichang,Geng Zhi等. Transient Voltage Coupling Mechanism and Support Strategy for a Grid-Forming Renewable Energy and SVG Parallel System[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 260622-.

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