潮流大范围转移下基于摆线动作特性的距离保护Ⅲ段自适应调整策略

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.260625

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Abstract

Large-scale power-flow transfer caused by transmission-line outages and network-topology reconfiguration can force adjacent healthy lines to carry additional power and remain overloaded. Under such conditions, the measured impedance decreases and may enter the operating region of Zone 3 distance protection, causing the overload state to be misidentified as an in-zone fault and leading to the unintended tripping of a healthy line. The resulting line outage further changes the network topology and power-flow distribution and increases the risk of subsequent cascading trips. Existing blocking schemes can prevent overload-induced maloperation, but they temporarily remove the remote backup protection function of Zone 3. Adaptive elliptic and hyperbolic characteristics exclude overload impedance by adjusting global geometric parameters, which may simultaneously contract the non-encroachment side and the near-end and far-end protection regions. Improving the anti-maloperation capability of Zone 3 under large-scale power-flow transfer while preserving backup-protection sensitivity and integrity is therefore essential for enhancing protection adaptability under complex operating conditions.
An adaptive adjustment strategy for Zone 3 distance protection based on impedance-plane partition constraints and local cycloid-boundary reconstruction was developed. The stable overload measured impedance extracted after power-flow transfer was used as the input, and a local cycloid cut-out region was dynamically constructed to reconstruct the operating boundary. The predefined impedance-plane partition was first used to determine the partition containing the overload-impedance point and its corresponding reference circle. The geometric relationship between the overload-impedance point and the reference circle was then used to calculate the theoretical radius of the cycloid-generating circle. A reliability margin and a maximum allowable radius constraint were considered to determine the practical radius. A closed cut-out region bounded by a cycloid arch and its rolling baseline was subsequently formed in a local coordinate system. When the radius constraint prevented the basic cycloid from reliably enclosing the overload-impedance point, the cycloid and its rolling baseline were translated together without changing the cycloid shape or parametric form. Finally, the local cycloid boundary was mapped to the original resistance-reactance plane through rotation and translation, and the overlap between the cycloid cut-out region and the original directional impedance circle operating region was removed to complete the reconstruction of the Zone 3 operating boundary.
A high-voltage multi-line system with three parallel main transmission corridors was established in PSCAD. Typical operating conditions, including a single-line outage, a remote single-phase-to-ground fault during overload, and successive line outages, were simulated. The results showed that the strategy reliably excluded the stable overload impedance from the adjusted operating region after power-flow transfer and maintained correct operation for an actual fault in the backup protection region during overload. Under successive power-flow-transfer conditions, the cycloid characteristic was independently reconstructed according to the newly formed stable overload impedance, thereby avoiding cumulative contraction of the protection region during repeated adjustments. The strategy was further evaluated using the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 10-generator 39-bus system. The results confirmed that the method could also prevent power-flow-transfer-induced Zone 3 maloperation in a complex meshed network.
The strategy was compared with the original directional impedance circle, a blocking scheme, and adaptive elliptic and hyperbolic characteristics in terms of operating reliability, operating-region retention rate, and transition-resistance tolerance. The original directional impedance circle was subject to maloperation under power-flow-transfer conditions, whereas the blocking scheme failed to operate for the tested remote fault during overload. The elliptic characteristic reduced part of the backup protection capability because of its global contraction. Both the hyperbolic and cycloid characteristics maintained correct operation under all tested conditions. The operating-region retention rate of the cycloid characteristic reached 98.21%, compared with 85.45% for the elliptic characteristic and 91.73% for the hyperbolic characteristic. At the tested near-end and far-end fault locations, the maximum tolerable transition resistances of the cycloid characteristic were 51 Ω and 33 Ω, respectively, identical to those of the original directional impedance circle. These results indicate that local cycloid-boundary reconstruction modifies only the impedance-encroachment side and does not cause cumulative contraction. The method prevents overload-induced maloperation while retaining most of the original operating region and the response capability for actual faults.

Key words： Zone 3 distance protection power-flow transfer cycloid operating characteristic local boundary reconstruction anti-maloperation

Received: 26 April 2026

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TM773

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	Wang Jingwei
	Li Zhengtian
	Lin Xiangning
	Wu Wenhao
	Diaa-Eldin A. Mansour

Cite this article:

Wang Jingwei,Li Zhengtian,Lin Xiangning等. Adaptive Adjustment Strategy for Zone 3 Distance Protection Based on Cycloid Operating Characteristics Under Large-Scale Power Flow Transfer[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 260625-.

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