计及DSOGI-PLL动态过程影响的锁相偏差检测及相位补偿方案

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.241136

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摘要

当新能源并网系统发生故障时会出现电压跌落并伴随相位跳变,负荷不均衡分配及不对称故障等因素会进一步造成三相电压幅值、相位不平衡的现象,此时会导致双二阶广义积分器锁相环（DSOGI-PLL）产生锁相偏差,从而对新能源输出特性造成影响。本文通过分析电网电压不平衡影响电压正序相位跳变机理,并考虑DSOGI-PLL动态过程影响,基于小信号模型推导得到锁相偏差动态解析式,并根据波形拟合法得到适用于大相位跳变下的锁相偏差解析式。基于此,以光伏并网逆变器为例,分析PLL动态响应过程对逆变器输出特性的影响,推导了逆变器出口故障电流解析表达式,进而提出了基于锁相偏差动态解析式的相位补偿方案,实现了PLL在动态追踪过程中对公共耦合点(PCC)电压相位的快速同步追踪。最后基于Matlab/Simulink仿真验证了所提相位补偿方案的有效性。

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关键词 ：新能源并网系统, 锁相环, 锁相偏差, 故障特性, 相位补偿

Abstract：

Voltage drop and the abrupt change of phase will occur when a fault occurs in the power system integrated with renewable energy sources (RESs). Factors, such as imbalanced load and asymmetric faults, will further cause the imbalanced amplitude and phase of three-phase voltage, leading to the phase-locked deviation of the double second-order generalized integrator phase-locked loop (DSOGI-PLL), which are commonly used in the real project. This deviation affects the output characteristics of the RESs, and some recent studies have analyzed the impact of the dynamic response of the PLL on the output characteristics of the grid-connected inverter. However, most of the above studies focus on the symmetrical faults and few studies quantitatively analyze the impact of the imbalanced amplitude of the grid voltage and the large abrupt change of phase of the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) on the phase-locked deviation under asymmetrical faults. The compensation method for the phase-locked deviation is also lacked. Therefore, a phase compensation method based on the dynamic analytical formula of phase-locked deviation is proposed in this paper, which realizes the fast and synchronous tracking of the DSOGI-PLL on the PCC voltage phase.
Firstly, the abrupt change mechanism of positive sequence voltage phase under imbalanced three-phase voltage amplitude and phase is comprehensively analyzed. Considering the influence of the dynamic response of the DSOGI-PLL, the analytical phase-locked deviation equation applicable to small disturbances is obtained using the small-signal model. Besides, the analytical equation applicable to large disturbances is obtained based on the waveform fitting. Secondly, a phase compensation scheme is proposed by analyzing the impact of the DSOGI-PLL dynamic response on the output characteristics of photovoltaic (PV), reducing the influence of PLL phase-locked deviation. The phase-locked deviation of the DSOGI-PLL under faults is compensated in real time by adding a compensation link in the DSOGI-PLL control, realizing the fast and synchronous tracking of the PCC voltage phase during the dynamic tracking process. Finally, a large number of simulations are carried out in the PV grid-connected system and simulation results show that the phase compensation scheme proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the phase-locked deviation, whether the abrupt change of PCC voltage phase after faults is small or large in the PV grid-connected system, benefiting the safe and stable operation of the system.
The following conclusions can be drawn from theoretical analysis and simulation verification: (1) The abrupt change of positive-sequence voltage phase is affected by the imbalanced amplitude and phase of three-phase voltage. (2) A phase compensation scheme is proposed based on the analysis of phase-locked deviation during the dynamic response of DSOGI-PLL to reduce the negative impact. The phase-locked deviation of the DSOGI-PLL after a fault is compensated in real time by adding a phase compensation link in the DSOGI-PLL control. (3) The phase compensation scheme proposed in this paper realizes the fast and synchronous tracking of PCC voltage phase by the DSOGI-PLL in the dynamic tracking process, effectively reducing the phase-locked deviation of DSOGI-PLL after grid-connected system faults and facilitating the safe and stable operation of the system.

Key words： New energy grid connected system Phase-locked loop Phase-locked deviation Fault characteristics phase angle compensation

收稿日期: 2024-06-30

PACS:

TM46

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金联合基金资助项目（U2166205）

通讯作者: 刘昱彤, 女,2000年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为电力系统继电保护。E-mail：1037612885@qq.com

作者简介: 郑涛, 男,1975年生,教授,博士研究生导师,研究方向为电力系统继电保护及其自动化等。E-mail：zhengtao_sf@126.com

引用本文:

郑涛, 刘昱彤, 章若竹, 艾静雯. 计及DSOGI-PLL动态过程影响的锁相偏差检测及相位补偿方案[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 1136-6. Zheng Tao, Liu Yutong, Zhang Ruozhu, Ai Jingwen. Phase-locked Deviation Detection and phase angle Compensation Scheme Considering the Influence of Dynamic Process of DSOGI-PLL. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 1136-6.

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