基于协同控制优化风电-柔直并网惯性响应策略研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240238

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摘要

为优化风电场经柔性直流输电接入受端电网的惯性响应动态特性,提出一种风电-柔直并网系统实现无通信协调惯量支撑的关键参数设计方法。基于风机变比例系数调速和柔直网侧换流站附加直流电压-频率下垂控制建立风电-柔直系统实现无通信频率响应的传递函数,明确了下垂系数和调速系数对并网系统惯性响应的调节作用。采用协同控制理论,通过选取频率和直流电压偏差、风电-柔直系统虚拟惯量构造宏变量,设计了下垂系数自适应频率变化调节、调速系数自适应直流电压和风机转速变化调节的协同控制律,实现并网系统利用电容储能和差异化转子动能协同提供惯量支撑。最后在MATLAB/Simulink中建立风电-柔直并网模型,利用受端电网频率负荷扰动验证了协同控制律的有效性。仿真研究表明,所提策略能够优化风电场和柔直惯量支撑的协同配合,改善受端电网惯性响应动态特性,同时具有优化直流电容电压及风机转速恢复动态过程的优势。

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关键词 ：风电场, VSC-HVDC, 惯性响应, 协同控制

Abstract：

Wind farms integrating into receiving grid via voltage sourced converter based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) has become a main operating mode. However, VSC-HVDC causes the decoupling of the wind farm side VSC (WFVSC) frequency from the receiving grid frequency and, hence, wind farms cannot quickly perceive frequency disturbances in the receiving power grid without communication and use additional frequency regulation control to provide inertia support and frequency response. Recently, some non-communication methods were presented to couple the frequency of wind farms with the receiving power grid to provide inertia support, but most of them didn’t discuss how to design parameters. To address this issue, this paper proposes a key parameter design method for wind farms integrating into receiving grid via VSC-HVDC to provide non-communication coordinated inertia support and optimize the dynamic characteristics of inertial response.
Firstly, based on the variable proportion coefficient rotor speed regulation of doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) and the additional DC voltage-frequency droop control of the grid side VSC (GSVSC) station, the non-communication coordinated frequency response transfer functions of VSC-HVDC connected wind farm are derived. The role of the droop coefficient k_u of GSVSC and speed regulation coefficient k_wi of DFIGs in providing inertia response for receiving grid is analyzed. Then select frequency deviation, DC voltage deviation and virtual inertia of wind farms connected to VSC-HVDC as macro variables according to synergetic control theory. Further, synergistic control law of k_u is designed to adapt to frequency change while synergistic control law of k_wi is designed to adapt to DC voltage change and rotor speed change, which makes the coordinated inertia provided by capacitor energy storage and differential rotor kinetic energy.
Simulation results in WSCC-9 bus system show that, the lowest frequency increases to 49.822Hz and the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) decreases to -0.284Hz/s under the proposed strategy. Compared with fixed coefficient controls, the system frequency deviation is reduced by 5.4% and RoCoF is reduced by 1.1%, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in improving the inertia support ability and optimizing the dynamic response characteristics. Furthermore, k_u in proposed strategy rapidly increases in the early stage and provides significant support with a virtual inertia of 5.668s. As the system frequency recovers, k_u gradually decreases to zero, reducing the DC voltage deviation and the energy required for DC capacitor voltage recovery. The voltage is restored to the rated value faster, and the DC voltage recovery time is reduced by 31.3%. In the early stage of frequency disturbance, k_wi quickly reaches its peak, and DFIGs quickly release the rotor kinetic energy to provide maximum inertia support. As the frequency recovers, k_wi gradually decreases to zero to avoid excessive release of rotor kinetic energy, and the rotor speed recovery time decreases by 18.7%. At the same time, k_wi of DFIGs in high wind speeds are larger than those in low wind speeds, which means each DFIG adapts to the difference in rotor kinetic energy to provide appropriate inertia support. Finally, considering the randomness of wind power, random fluctuations are added to the input wind speeds. The results show that the proposed strategy is applicable under random wind speeds.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the simulation analysis: (1) Compared with fixed coefficient controls, the proposed strategy can not only improve the collaborative cooperation inertia support between VSC-HVDC and wind farms with differential rotor kinetic energy when suffering frequency disturbances, but also optimize the dynamic characteristics of the receiving grid inertia response. (2) The proposed strategy can optimize the dynamic recovery process of DC capacitor voltage after inertia support, and help wind farms quickly recover rotor kinetic energy and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation mode while avoiding secondary disturbances.

Key words： Wind farm VSC-HVDC inertia response synergetic control

收稿日期: 2024-02-04

PACS:

TM722

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金（52237004）和国家电网公司总部科技项目（1400-202235243A-1-1-ZN）资助

通讯作者: 彭晓涛男,1971年生,副教授,博士生导师,研究方向为新能源并网控制及其优化等。E-mail：pengxiaotao@whu.edu.cn

作者简介: 谭珺敉女,2000年生,硕士研究生,研究方向风电经柔性直流输电并网控制。E-mail：2018302070222@whu.edu.cn

引用本文:

谭珺敉, 彭晓涛, 李旭涛, 陈紫薇, 杨军. 基于协同控制优化风电-柔直并网惯性响应策略研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 2492915-2492915. Tan Junmi, Peng Xiaotao, Li Xutao, Chen Ziwei, Yang Jun. Optimization of Inertia Response Strategy Based on Synergetic Control for Wind Power Integrating to Power Grid via VSC-HVDC. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 2492915-2492915.

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https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240238 https://dgjsxb.ces-transaction.com/CN/Y0/V/I/2492915

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