基于早期故障判别的直流并网系统主动保护

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.240250

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摘要

在直流汇集送出系统中,通过主动保护提前判别线路中的早期故障并隔离,能够显著降低短路冲击电流导致全网换流设备无差别闭锁的风险。早期故障电气量特征微弱,难以单独支撑保护判据;早期故障伴随电弧会带来显著的温度特征,但是仅依赖温度判据动作速度慢,早期故障可能发展为短路。针对该问题,本文建立了电缆线路早期故障的电-热特性分析模型,揭示了电弧能量作为连接电磁场与温度场的耦合量,在故障前后具有本质差异;突破现有特征量提取方法的瓶颈,提出了一种基于电流量与温度量的电弧能量特征提取算法,并形成主动保护判据。PSCAD和COMSOL联合仿真结果、以及实验室人工模拟试验结果表明,该方法能够在早期故障最短持续时间内可靠判别并隔离故障区段,大幅降低短路发生概率,确保规模化直流并网系统安全高效运行。

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关键词 ：主动保护, 早期故障, 电-热分析模型, 故障电弧能量

Abstract：

When an inter-stage short circuit fault occurs in a cable aggregation line, the rapidly rising inrush current will cause the converter to block in a very short period of time, resulting in a prolonged loss of power in the system. Incipient faults are the minute breakdown stage before a short-circuit occurs in a DC cable line, which are sure sign of short-circuit failure. Incipient faults in the line can be identified and isolated in advance through active protection, which can significantly reduce the risk of short-circuit inrush currents leading to indiscriminate blocking of converter equipment throughout the network. The characteristics of incipient fault electrical quantities are weak, and it is difficult to support the protection criterion alone. And the thermal power of the arc accompanying the fault is large, which will bring significant temperature characteristics. However, it is difficult to guarantee the action speed only depending on the temperature criterion, and the incipient fault may develop into a short-circuit, so it is necessary to research new incipient fault detection algorithms.
To address this problem, this paper establishes an electric-thermal characteristic analysis model for incipient faults of cable lines, analyse the characteristics of arc power in the electromagnetic field, radial propagation properties of arc energy in the temperature field and comprehensively analyse the interaction properties of the electromagnetic and temperature fields of incipient faults, revealing that the arc energy, as a coupling quantity connecting the electromagnetic field and the temperature field, has an essential difference before and after the fault. To break through the bottleneck of the existing feature quantity extraction methods, a calculation method of arc energy based on current and temperature is designed. Make use of the distributed temperature sensing(DTS)to measure the operating temperature of the whole cable, extract the arc energy features by particle swarm algorithm using the line operating temperature and differential current calculation, and an active protection criterion is formed. The active protection process is after the start-up criterion is satisfied, initiate double-ended communication and DTS, collect differential current and line temperature data within 40s, and substitute into incipient fault detection criteria, if a branch is satisfied, a command is sent to the load switch for that branch to isolate.
In order to verify the validity of the active protection principle proposed in this paper, joint simulations in PSCAD and COMSOL, as well as artificial simulation tests in the laboratory were carried out. Simulation and experimental results show that this method can reliably identify and isolate the faulted section using the load switch within the shortest duration of the incipient fault, and has good applicability under different fault conditions and field conditions, and have a certain degree of noise resistance. Compared with the existing methods, the method in this paper reduces the probability of false rejection and improves reliability which can significantly reduce the probability of short-circuit faults, and ensures safe and efficient operation of large-scale DC collection systems. Provide optional ideas for the protection challenges that have always been associated with DC pooled delivery systems.

Key words： DC line protection Incipient fault Combination of current and temperature

收稿日期: 2024-02-07

PACS:	TM771
	TM773

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金面上资助项目（51777071）

通讯作者: 贾科男,1986年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电力系统保护与控制、新型配电网保护与故障定位等。E-mail：ke.jia@ncepu.edu.cn

作者简介: 李昱霖男,2000年生,硕士研究生,研究方向电力系统保护与控制。E-mail：lyl09092000@163.com

引用本文:

贾科, 李昱霖, 张旸, 陈帅, 毕天姝. 基于早期故障判别的直流并网系统主动保护[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 2492916-2492916. Jia Ke, Li Yulin, Zhang Yang, Chen Shuai, Bi Tianshu. Incipient Fault Identification Based Active Protection of DC Collection Line. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 2492916-2492916.

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