面向海上风电仿真的永磁同步发电机电磁暂态等效建模方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230128

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摘要

海上风电的建模与仿真是构建新能源为主体的新型电力系统的关键支撑技术。永磁同步发电机（PMSG）作为直驱或半直驱机型的核心元件,现有模型存在一定的局限性：商业软件提供的灰箱模型无法得知建模原理,开放程度不够,限制了风电机组应用高效电磁暂态建模算法与并行加速算法;目前常用的PMSG建模方法无法生成接口与外电路连接;PMSG是同步发电机的一种,而同步发电机有不同阶数的数学模型,现有模型不便更改。针对上述问题,本文提出阶数可选的PMSG电磁暂态等效建模方法。首先对发电机电压、磁链方程进行离散化,然后通过单步长延时消除代数环,重构PMSG模型,推导得到其诺顿等效电路并构建模型整体仿真框架。最后,在RTDS仿真平台中进行仿真验证,结果表明四阶、二阶模型在场站级仿真具有适用性,而六阶模型实现了对基准模型的多工况高度拟合,平均相对误差小于4%,能够同时满足场站级与机组内部各仿真需求。

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	刘逸凡
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	赵成勇

关键词 ：海上风电直驱或半直驱机型, 永磁同步发电机, 等效建模, 阶数可选模型

Abstract：

Modeling and simulation of offshore wind power is the key supporting technology for building a new power system with new energy as the main body. As the core component of direct drive or semi-direct drive models, the existing models of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) have certain limitations: the grey box model provided by commercial software cannot be known about the modeling principle and are manifested in insufficient openness, which limits the application of efficient electromagnetic transient modeling algorithms and parallel acceleration algorithms for wind turbine units; The commonly used PMSG modeling method cannot generate interface and external circuit connections; PMSG is a kind of synchronous generator which has different order mathematical models, and the existing models are inconvenient to change.In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a permanent magnet synchronous generator equivalent model which has several advantages compared to existing models and can be applied to different scenarios. On the premise of meeting the accuracy, the model considers the adjustable order of the model, and is an integrated model that can directly connect external circuits.
Firstly, starting from the synchronous motor equation, the voltage and flux equations of the generator are discretized, then analyze the algebraic loop problem in generator simulation. Secondly, reconstruct the PMSG model by applying a single step delay to the coupling variables to eliminate the algebraic loop. Thirdly, introduce Park transformation and use matrix block calculation methods to derive its Norton equivalent circuit, completing the construction of the model, and conduct applicability analysis of the method. Finally, based on the modeling method proposed and the usage methods of various code segments of the component tool Cbuilder on the RTDS simulation platform, construct an overall simulation framework for the model.
The benchmark model of all components in RTDS and the test model of PMSG model with three orders are built. Then the test of multiple working conditions is carried out, including short circuit fault conditions at four different fault points, small disturbance condition and wind speed variation conditions. The results show that the fourth and second order models were found to be applicable for station level simulation, but they cannotaccurately reflect the coupling characteristics between the generator and the machine side converter, as well as between the generator and the wind turbine. The sixth order model achieved high fitting of the benchmark model under multiple operating conditions, with an average relative error of less than 4%, which can simultaneously meet the simulation needs of both station level and internal units.
In summary, this paper attempts to solve the limitations of existing PMSG models from the aspect of simulation modeling. For the simulation of offshore wind power, the equivalent model proposed in this paper can be flexibly adjusted and used according to different simulation objectives. The proposed method provides a PMSG model which istransparent and easy to program in simulation platformfor the application of efficient electromagnetic transient modeling methods in overall wind turbine modeling and parallel acceleration algorithms in offshore wind power simulation.

Key words： Offshore wind power direct drive or semi-direct drive wind power system permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) equivalent modeling model with adjustable order

收稿日期: 2023-02-02

PACS:	TM341
	TM351
	TM614

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金资助项目（52277094）

通讯作者: 许建中, 男,1987年生,博士,教授,研究方向为新型电力系统电磁暂态建模和仿真。E-mail：xujianzhong@ncepu.edu.cn

作者简介: 刘逸凡, 男,1999年生,硕士研究生,研究方向为直驱风机建模。E-mail：lyf373781@163.com

引用本文:

刘逸凡, 邹明, 王焱, 冯谟可, 许建中, 贾秀芳, 赵成勇. 面向海上风电仿真的永磁同步发电机电磁暂态等效建模方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 9015-15. Liu Yifan, Zou Ming, Wang Yan, Feng Moke, Xu Jianzhong, Jia Xiufang, ZhaoChengyong. Equivalent Modeling Method for Electromagnetic Transient of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Offshore Wind Power Simulation. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 9015-15.

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