基于电容自然充电换向的混合式直流断路器设计与仿真

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.230603

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摘要

以晶闸管作为主断器件是降低混合式直流断路器造价和技术难度的手段之一,电容电压是此类直流断路器能够顺利开断直流故障的关键影响因素,现有结构中电容大多为预充电型,但预充电方式和电容电压的维持较为复杂。因此,该文提出一种基于电容自然充电换向混合式直流断路器,利用母线电压与预充电电容的电压差值实现电容的预充电和电容电压的自动维持,从而保证断路器的开断能力。此外该断路器还具备二次开断能力,可以满足极短时间内重复开断的需求。针对所提断路器的工作过程和元件参数进行了详细的理论推导,基于PSCAD/EMTDC建立单端等效和四端柔性直流电网模型验证了所提结构的适用性。最后与其他方案进行比较,结果表明,所提方案在开断速度、电容预充电方式和二次开断方面具备一定优势。

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关键词 ：混合式直流断路器, 晶闸管, 预充电, 二次开断

Abstract：

Hybrid DC circuit breakers based on IGBT as the main breaking device are expensive, which limits the large-scale application of hybrid DC circuit breakers. Thyristor is one of the means to reduce the cost and technical difficulty of hybrid DC circuit breaker as the main breaking device. This type of hybrid DC circuit breaker generally combines pre-charged capacitor to complete the breaking task, but the pre-charge mode of the existing structure capacitor and the maintenance of the capacitor voltage are more complicated. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid DC circuit breaker based on the natural charging commutation of the capacitor. The initial energy storage of the capacitor and the automatic maintenance of the capacitor voltage are realized by using the voltage difference between the DC bus and the capacitor, so as to ensure the breaking ability of the circuit breaker. After the interruption, the capacitor voltage can be recharged again whether the line fault is restored or not, which can meet the demand of secondary interruption in a short time.
Firstly, the topology and working process of the proposed topology are introduced and analyzed. According to the function of each branch, the proposed branch is named as the main branch, the transfer branch composed of thyristors, the capacitor natural charging branch, the capacitor commutation branch, the energy absorption branch. There is no charging switch in the capacitor natural charging branch, which is the key to realize the initial energy storage of the capacitor and the automatic maintenance of the capacitor voltage, also determines whether the proposed circuit breaker can successfully break the DC fault. Then the parameters of the main components in the above branches are designed, and the general principles of parameter design and the recommended range of values are given. The following two points determine whether the proposed scheme can successfully and reliably break the DC fault: (1) The peak value of the oscillating current generated by the capacitor commutation branch needs to be greater than the peak value of the fault current; (2) The diode conduction time t_D in the transfer branch needs to be greater than the thyristor turn-off time t_q.
For the benefit of verify the applicability of the proposed structure, a single-terminal and a four-terminal DC grid model are established based on PSCAD / EMTDC to simulate the unipolar metal grounding fault at the circuit breaker outlet. The simulation results show that the proposed structure can isolate the DC side fault quickly, and the number of devices is given according to the stress of the device during the breaking process. If the thyristor with a parameter of 4.5 kV/3.5 kA is selected, 3 110 thyristors are needed.
Finally, by comparing with several schemes that have been proposed, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) The proposed structure replaces the more expensive IGBT with a thyristor, and the economy is improved to a certain extent, and the breaking speed is faster; (2) The initial storage of capacitor and the maintenance of capacitor voltage can be achieved without additional control and equipment; (3) After fault isolation, the capacitor can be charged again to meet the needs of repeated breaking in a short time.

Key words： Hybrid DC circuit breaker thyristors pre-charge secondary breaking capacity

收稿日期: 2023-05-01

PACS:

TM561

基金资助:

国家自然科学基金项目（61741126）和广西自然科学基金项目（2022GXNSFAA035533）资助

通讯作者: 张鑫女,1976年生,高级实验师,研究方向为智能化电器。E-mail：zhangxin_wt@163.com

作者简介: 范兴明男,1978年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为智能化电器及高电压新技术E-mail：fanxm_627@163.com

引用本文:

范兴明, 李涛, 张鑫. 基于电容自然充电换向的混合式直流断路器设计与仿真[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 239625-239625. Fan Xingming, Li Tao, Zhang Xin. Design and Simulation of Hybrid DC Circuit Breaker Based on Capacitor Natural Charging Commutation. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 239625-239625.

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