等离子体处理调控表面电导率提高环氧树脂绝缘性能的研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.221917

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摘要

高压直流气体绝缘输电线路中的环氧树脂盆式绝缘子长期处于单极性电场作用下,表面电荷在气固界面处发生积聚,会造成局部电场畸变,进而诱发闪络。利用等离子体对环氧树脂表面进行改性处理,能够调控表面电荷分布,提高闪络电压。该文将仿真计算与实验验证相结合,构建气固复合绝缘瞬态场仿真模型,利用离子输运方法构建非线性气体电导,综合考虑材料本征传导、表面传导和气体传导三种电荷积聚途径,探究了不同表面电导率参数设置下气固界面的电荷积聚情况与绝缘性能。仿真结果表明：随着表面电导率升高,三结合处积聚的电荷数量先增加后减少;三结合处的最大电场强度随着表面电导率的升高而不断下降,电场均匀程度先升高后降低;损耗功率随着表面电导率的增加而增加。利用等离子体表面处理平台对环氧树脂进行表面改性处理,并测试了改性后材料的电荷积聚特性和闪络电压,实验结果与仿真结果保持一致。利用等离子体对绝缘材料进行表面改性处理能有效调控气固界面电荷分布,抑制电场畸变,提高闪络电压,有望在直流气体绝缘输电线路中得到广泛应用。

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关键词 ：等离子体, 环氧树脂, 气固复合绝缘, 仿真计算, 离子输运

Abstract：

The gas-insulated metal closed transmission line can be used as an effective alternative to overhead line, cable, and wall casing in the process of long-distance transmission because of its small footprint, high reliability, and adaptability to harsh climate environments. AC GIL has been in operation for many years. However, compared with AC GIL, DC GIL has poor long-term operation stability. The reason is that the epoxy insulator is under the action of a unipolar DC electric field for a long time and accumulates a large amount of surface charge on its surface, resulting in local distortion of the electric field at the gas-solid interface. The insulation performance is reduced and the reliability of the power system is affected. The surface plasma modification of epoxy resin can improve the insulation performance and flashover voltage of insulators. In this paper, based on micron alumina/epoxy resin composite insulation material, the transient field simulation model of gas-solid composite insulation was constructed. The ion transport equation was used to simulate the generation, recombination, and migration behavior of charged particles in the gas. The constitutive relationship between interface characteristics, charge dynamic behavior and insulation characteristics were studied in the electric field environment by combining the intrinsic conduction of materials and the surface conduction of the gas-solid interface.
In this paper, the research idea of experiment-simulation-experiment was adopted. Based on the previous project experience and research basis of the research group, the sample of micron alumina/epoxy resin material was prepared by referring to the basin insulator used in GIS/GIL. The electrical characteristics of the material sample were tested to obtain the key characteristic parameters required by simulation calculation. The key parameters of the experiment were input into the simulation model, and the consistency between the simulation results and the experimental results was evaluated to obtain the gas-solid composite transient field simulation model which can accurately calculate the insulation characteristics of micron alumina/epoxy resin materials. Through iteration and optimization, the insulation properties of composites with different characteristic parameter Settings were quickly calculated, and the simulation results were compared and screened to obtain the best interface characteristic parameters. Giving full play to the guiding role of the simulation model for the experiment, the sample modification scheme was developed, and the plasma surface etching method was used to construct the high-performance epoxy resin surface, to avoid a large number of redundant exploratory experiments, simplify the experimental exploration steps and accelerate the experimental cycle.
The following conclusions can be drawn from the study: (1) Increasing the surface conductivity of micron alumina/epoxy resin composites will change the dominant mechanism of surface charge accumulation. (2) The increase of surface conductivity leads to the gradual increase of surface conduction current, and the accumulation of the same polar surface charge at the three binding points increases, resulting in the distortion of the field intensity and the reduction of the maximum field intensity. (3) Appropriately increasing the surface conductivity of insulating materials can accelerate the accumulation and dissipation of charge, reduce the maximum field intensity at the three binding points, reduce the electric field distortion rate, and thus increase the flashover voltage value. However, when the surface conductivity is too large, the leakage current increases and the power loss increases. The excessive charge mobility causes the electric field distortion to rise sharply, but reduces the flashover voltage and threatens the insulation of the system. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results, which proves the rationality of the experimental design and the effectiveness of the simulation calculation

Key words： Plasma epoxy resin gas-solid composite insulation simulation calculations ion transport

收稿日期: 2022-10-09

PACS:

TM215.1

基金资助:

国家重点研发计划（2021YFB2401500, 2021YFB2401503）和北京市自然科学基金面上项目（3222057）资助

通讯作者: 谢庆男,1979年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为高电压与绝缘技术。E-mail：xq_ncepu@126.com

作者简介: 宋岩泽男,1995年生,博士研究生,研究方向为电工新材料改性与绝缘技术。E-mail：songyanze@ncepu.edu.cn

引用本文:

宋岩泽, 梁贵书, 冉慧娟, 罗兵, 谢庆. 等离子体处理调控表面电导率提高环氧树脂绝缘性能的研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 2023, 38(15): 3984-3998. Song Yanze, Liang Guishu, Ran Huijuan, Luo Bing, Xie Qing. Study on Improving Insulation Properties of Epoxy Resin by Regulating Surface Conductivity by Plasma Treatment. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2023, 38(15): 3984-3998.

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