计及总损耗功率的电动汽车母线电容主动快速放电方法

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.222284

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摘要

针对电动汽车遇到碰撞等紧急情况时,高压驱动系统母线电容电压需迅速降到安全电压(60V),而传统基于PI控制的母线电容主动放电方法存在鲁棒性差、放电时间长和安全性低的问题,提出了一种计及总损耗功率的电动汽车母线电容快速放电方法。首先,建立了以永磁同步电机绕组作为泄放电阻的母线电容能量流动模型,将逆变器损耗、电机绕组铜耗、电机电感储能等损耗作为总损耗,利用扩展滑模观测器(extended sliding mode observer,ESMO)对总损耗功率进行估算,并通过Lyapunov稳定性理论对ESMO的稳定性进行了证明。然后,将观测的总损耗功进行前馈补偿,从而使母线电压快速降低并稳定在安全电压。仿真和实验结果表明与现有主动放电方法相比,所提放电方法不仅显著减小了放电时间,而且提高了快速放电的鲁棒性和安全性。

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关键词 ：电动汽车, 永磁同步电机, 总损耗功率估计, 扩展滑模观测器, 母线电容放电

Abstract：

When electric vehicles(EVs) encounter an emergency, the dc-bus voltage of EVs equipped with high voltage drive system needs to be reduced to safe voltage(60V) as soon as possible. In order to drop the dc-bus capacitor voltage to safe voltage, winding-based active discharge method was proposed. However, traditional active discharge based on PI controller suffered from the problems of poor robustness, long discharge time and low safety, which cannot meet the discharge requirements of United Nation Vehicle Regulation ECCE R94. Motivated by the above issues of traditional active discharge method, this paper proposes an active discharge method for EVs with total power loss. It not only reduces the discharge time, but also has strong robustness compared with conventional discharge method.
Firstly, to reduce the dc-bus voltage to safe voltage, the d-axis weaken current is calculated based on the permanent magnet synchronous motor winding as the bleeding resistor. Then, the traditional active discharge method based on PI controller is analyzed. Secondly, the dc-bus capacitor energy flow model with the permanent magnet synchronous motor winding as the bleeding resistor is established. More importantly, the extended sliding mode observer(ESMO) is introduced to address the problem of long discharge time and poor robustness. The ESMO can observer the total loss, which consist of inverter loss, motor winding copper consumption, motor inductance energy storage and other losses. The stability of ESMO is proved by Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, observed total discharge loss can be feedforward compensated by the designed control law. Compared with the conventional discharge method, the influence of the change of total loss power and motor speed on the dc-bus capacitor voltage is well suppressed, and the dc-bus capacitor voltage and motor speed are decoupled in the proposed strategy.
Experimental results show that, the dc-bus voltage of the proposed method drops to safe voltage within 0.2s , which is faster than traditional active discharge method-based PI controller(1.2s) and disturbance observer(0.3s). In contrast with the active discharge method-based disturbance observer, the discharge time is shorter because of the convergence rate is faster than disturbance observer. In order to verify the robustness of the proposed method, the experiment with parameters mismatch is conducted, which proved that the parameters error can be observed by the ESMO and compensated. Furthermore, the power density and reliability of electric vehicle drive system are further improved by eliminating the complicated drain circuit.
The following conclusions can be obtained: 1) The traditional discharge method-based PI controller has the problem that the steady-state operating point changed with the motor speed, which could not meet the requirements of fast and safe discharge of the dc-bus capacitor in emergency situations. 2) The discharge model with PMSM winding as the bleeding resistor is established, the relationship between the dc-bus capacitor voltage and the total power loss of the system is deduced. Moreover, the observed total loss of the system can be feedforward compensated in the proposed discharge method, which effectively suppressed the voltage pulsation when the dc-bus voltage reduces to the safe voltage. Hence, the discharge time is short and the robustness and safety of the system are improved. 3) The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control method for electric vehicle with total power loss estimation has the advantages of strong robustness , high safety, strong practicability and engineering application value.

Key words： Electric car permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) estimated total power loss extended sliding mode observer dc-bus capacitor discharge

PACS:

TM351

基金资助:

浙江省自然科学基金重点基金（LCZ19E070001）资助项目

通讯作者: 杨家强, 男,1970年生,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为电机系统及其控制。E-mail：yjq1998@163.com

作者简介: 张晓军, 男,1991年生,博士,讲师,研究方向为永磁同步电机驱动系统及其控制。E-mail：eezxj1991@126.com

引用本文:

张晓军, 杨家强, 周宇晨. 计及总损耗功率的电动汽车母线电容主动快速放电方法[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 8918-. Zhang Xiaojun, Yang Jiaqiang, Zhou Yuchen. Active fast discharge method of bus capacitor for electric vehicle with total power loss. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 8918-.

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