基于TSPWM的电动汽车电机驱动系统多模式调制策略研究

doi:10.19595/j.cnki.1000-6753.tces.222255

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摘要

在电动汽车电驱动系统中,逆变器中的高频开关动作是产生开关损耗影响逆变器效率的主要因素。特别是为适应驱动电机高速化的趋势,不得不采用较高的开关频率,从而在低速时产生不必要的开关损耗,使逆变器效率偏低。因此,本文提出了一种基于TSPWM（Tri-Sate PWM,三状态脉宽调制）的多模式调制策略来减少逆变器的开关损耗,提高全工况范围的逆变器效率。根据工况动态改变调制模式：在不同转速下采取变载频分段异步TSPWM调制;根据电机的相电流幅值动态地改变TSPWM不连续调制的箝位模式,使电流幅值较大的相保持在箝位状态以减小损耗。为了解决不同模式切换时相位突变导致电流或转矩冲击的问题,提出了一种基于载波周期角度计算的电压矢量相位补偿算法,通过精确分析调制模式改变时刻对电压矢量角的影响,计算出切换后的补偿角度对空间电压矢量角进行补偿,从而实现不同模式的平滑切换。最后,通过算法仿真和电机实验验证了所提策略的有效性。结果表明,采用基于TSPWM的多模式调制策略的电机驱动系统,其逆变器效率得到了显著提升且具有较小的共模电压。

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	夏衍
	孙立鹏
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	陆海峰

关键词 ： TSPWM, 多模式调制, 分段变载波比调制, 共模电压, 电机驱动, 电动汽车

Abstract：

Two-level inverters are widely used in variable frequency motor drive systems of electric vehicles. High frequency PWM modulation technology can generate high-frequency and high amplitude common mode voltage in the inverter, which will endanger the normal operation of the motor. Especially at low speed, using traditional fixed switching frequency asynchronous modulation PWM will result in relatively high switching losses with low output power and lower inverter efficiency. In order to solve the above problems, a multi-mode modulation strategy based on TSPWM (Tri-State PWM) is proposed. By improving the TSPWM modulation algorithm and adopting a segmented variable carrier wave ratio modulation strategy, the inverter efficiency of the motor drive system is significantly improved while the common mode voltage is reduced.
Firstly, the TSPWM algorithm, which uses three switch states to synthesize the reference voltage in each PWM cycle, is used to reduce the number of switching actions by one-third. Secondly, select the clamping phase according to the amplitude of the current, increase the overlap time between the maximum current and the inactivity of the switching device, and reduce the switching loss of the inverter. Thirdly, considering the system efficiency and current waveform quality, the carrier frequency is optimized at different speed range. Moreover, a phase angle compensation algorithm of voltage vector based on the calculation of carrier period angle is proposed to avoid the shock of current when the modulation mode is switched. By accurately analyzing the impact of changing the modulation mode on the voltage vector angle, the compensation angle after switching is calculated and compensated to the reference space voltage angle, thus achieving smooth switching of different modes.
The experimental results show that the common-mode voltage of TSPWM in a PWM period is one third of that of SVPWM, regardless of whether the voltage vector is in high or low modulation ratio region. By using the maximum current phase clamping technique, the clamping phase is exactly the phase with the maximum phase current, and the vertex position of the current amplitude is exactly in the middle of the clamping region. The simulation results show that the angle compensation algorithm of the voltage vector can achieve a smooth transition of the angle of the voltage vector during the carrier frequency switching process. The experimental results of the multi-mode modulation strategy based on TSPWM at different switching frequencies show that the current waveform oscillation without angle compensation is significant, and about 9% of torque ripple is detected during the modulation mode switching. The current waveform using angle compensation has no impact in the switching process, and the torque fluctuation collected by the system is less than 2%, which verifies the feasibility of the switching strategy based on angle compensation.
Experimental results of inverter efficiency under different operating conditions shows that the proposed multi-mode modulation algorithm based on TSPWM can increase the maximum efficiency of the inverter by about 10 percentage point Compared with the traditional SVPWM algorithm. The overall efficiency of the inverter can be improved by an average of 5 percentage point. The high-efficiency area, where the inverter efficiency is 95% or more, has increased by 40.1%.
The following conclusions can be drawn through simulation and experiments. 1) Compared with the traditional SVPWM strategy, this paper optimizes the switching frequency at different speed and adopts TSPWM to reduce the number of switching actions, significantly reduce the switching loss and improve the efficiency of the inverter. 2) The switching loss can be further reduced by dynamically changing the clamping mode according to the magnitude of the phase current. 3) The angle compensation algorithm of the voltage vector effectively overcomes the voltage phase hopping problem in the process of PWM modulation mode switching, so it can realize the smooth transition. 4) Compared with traditional SVPWM strategies, the proposed algorithm can also reduce the peak-to-peak value of high frequency common mode voltage in one PWM cycle. Therefore, it is suitable for small and medium-sized inverters with a power output of 100 kW or less, represented by electric vehicle drive systems.

Key words： TSPWM multi-mode modulation piecewise variable carrier wave ratio modulation common mode voltage motor drive electric vehicle

PACS:

TM921

基金资助:

清华大学–潍柴动力智能制造联合研究院（JIIM04,2021）资助项目

通讯作者: 陆海峰, 男,1976年生,副教授,硕士生导师,研究方向为新能源与电动汽车电驱动技术、高性能电机控制、电力电子变换器新型调制技术、宽禁带器件应用等。E-mail：luhaifeng@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn

作者简介: 夏衍, 男,1997年生,硕士研究生,研究方向汽车电子。E-mail：xy95216@163.com

引用本文:

夏衍, 孙立鹏, 李军伟, 李强, 陆海峰. 基于TSPWM的电动汽车电机驱动系统多模式调制策略研究[J]. 电工技术学报, 0, (): 8917-. Xia Yan, Sun Lipeng, Li Junwei, Li Qiang, Lu Haifeng. Research on Multi-mode Modulation Strategy of Motor Drive System Based on TSPWM in EV. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 0, (): 8917-.

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